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Biology 201 > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three major checkpoints?

A

G1/S checkpoint (restriction point), checks for replication signals, nutrients, and space; G2/M checkpoint, checks for DNA replication; and metaphase/anaphase checkpoint, checks for chromatid attachment by MT

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2
Q

What occurs in G1?

A

The cell is growing but not dividing.

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3
Q

What occurs in S?

A

DNA and MTOC replication.

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4
Q

What occurs in G2?

A

Cell is waiting for mitosis signal.

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5
Q

What occurs in prophase?

A

Histone H1 condenses chromosomes and MTOCs move to the poles

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6
Q

What occurs in prometaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope breakdown and MT fishing for kinetochores.

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7
Q

What occurs in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up

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8
Q

What makes the cell proceed to anaphase?

A

Anaphase promoting complex

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9
Q

What occurs in anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate and cohesin degrades

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10
Q

What occurs in telophase?

A

Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms

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11
Q

What occurs in cytokinesis?

A

MF network pinches cell in half at metaphase plate with myosin bipolar motor.

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12
Q

How does GEF affect cytokinesis?

A

It activates Rho which cascades to Rho-dep kinase, rMLC-P, and contracts cell.

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13
Q

How does GAP affect cytokinesis?

A

GAP inhibits Rho which decreases Rho-dep kinase, rMLC-P, and stops cytokinesis.

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14
Q

What is the function of Cdc25?

A

It drives cell division

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15
Q

What is the function of Wee-1?

A

It slows cell division

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16
Q

Where in the cell cycle are Cdc25 and Wee-1 found and what do they regulate?

A

At the G2/M checkpoint and they regulate maturation promoting factor.

17
Q

What is MPF?

A

It is a CDK/cyclin dimer that causes cell maturation

18
Q

How does a CDK/cyclin dimer become activated?

A

Inactivating phosphate from ATP is added to dimer by Wee-1, then an activating phosphate is added by CAK, Cdc25 cleaves inactivating phosphate so CDK/cyclin is activated.

19
Q

What is the function of MAD/Bub?

A

It inactivates APC at the metaphase/anaphase transition and stops when all kinetochores are attached to MT

20
Q

What does APC do?

A

It allows for sister chromatid separation by tagging securin for degradation.

Biology 201 (10 decks)

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