Cell Cycle

Question 1

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 1

Binary fission

Question 2

How does binary fission occur?

Answer 2

In binary fission, the chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication), and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of interphase?

Answer 3

G1
S
G2

Question 4

What are the two components of the mitotic phase?

Answer 4

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 5

Is cytokenisis park of mitosis?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

What happens at the G1 checkpoint?

Answer 6

If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually complete the S, G2, and M phases and divide.

If the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phase

Question 7

What two types of regulatory proteins are involved with cell control?

Answer 7

Cyclins

Cdks (Cyclin dependent kinases)

Question 8

How do CDK and cyclins regulate the cell cycle?

Answer 8

Cdk builds up in G1, S, G2. It joins with cyclin to form MPF at the G2 checkpoint. During M, cyclin is degraded, and the cycle loops.

Question 9

What are two types of cell inhibition?

Answer 9

Density-dependent inhibition: crowded cells stop dividing.

Anchorage dependence: some cells must be attached to a surface in order to divide

Question 10

What kind of cells do not demonstrate anchorage or density inhibition?

Answer 10

Cancer cells

Question 11

What three things need to be kept track of in mitosis?

Answer 11

Chromosomes
Spindle Apparatus
Nucleus

Question 12

DNA in cells is packaged in __________.

Answer 12

chromosomes

Question 13

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 13

Either of the two identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome

Question 14

What joins sister chromatids?

Answer 14

Centromere

Question 15

What is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 15

Two different copies of a chromosome that diploid organisms (like humans) inherit, one from each parent.

Question 16

What is the mitotic spindle made from?

Answer 16

Microtubules

Question 17

Where does the assembly of spindle microtubules begin?

Answer 17

Centrosome

Question 18

An _____ extends from each centrosome

Answer 18

aster

Question 19

What is the name of spindle fibers that attach to the centromere?

Answer 19

kinetochores

Question 20

________ microtubules from opposite poles overlap and push against each other, elongating the cell

Answer 20

Nonkinetochore

Question 21

What happens in prophase?

Answer 21

Start to build mitotic spindle- the centrosome is duplicated and are pushed to poles
Chromosomes are in the process of condensing, can see DNA
Nuclear membrane intact

Question 22

What happens in prometaphase?

Answer 22

Chromosomes finish condensing
Spindle apparatus finished, kinetochores attach to centromeres
Nuclear envelope fragments

Question 23

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 23

DNA is condensed. Chromosomes line up single file across cell.

Question 24

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 24

Sister chromatids separate, are dragged to opposite sides by kinetochores

Question 25

What happens in telophase?

Answer 25

DNA decidedness
Nuclear membrane reforms
Spindle apparatus comes apart

Question 26

_________ is often underway by late telophase.

Answer 26

Cytokinesis