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Cell > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The cell cycle is divided into which main phases

A

Mitosis and interphase

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2
Q

Phases of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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3
Q

Rapidly renewing human cells progress through the full cycle in about 24 hours. T/F

A

T

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4
Q

What happens in G1?

A

The cell acquires nutrients, and synthesizes RNA and proteins for DNA synthesis

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5
Q

Checkpoint/s of G1

A

G1 DNA-damage checkpoint, and restriction point

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6
Q

What happens in S?

A

DNA is replicated

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7
Q

Checkpoint/s of S

A

S DNA-damage chckpoint

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8
Q

What happens in G2?

A

The cell prepares to divide

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9
Q

Checkpoint/s of G2

A

G2 DNA-damage checkpoint, and unreplicated-DNA checkpoint

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10
Q

Checkpoint/s of mitosis

A

Spindle-assembly checkpoint and chromosome-regregation checkpoint

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11
Q

From what stage does a dividing cell leave the cell cycle?

A. M Phase
B. G1 Phase
C. S Phase
D. G2 Phase

A

B

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12
Q

In rapidly dividing embryonic cells, in what stages of the cell cycle will most cells be in?

A. M + G1 
B. M + S 
C. M + G2 
D. G1 + G2 
E. S + G2
A

B

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13
Q

Which cyclin increases in concentration as a dividing cell exits interphase?

A. Cyclin A 
B. Cyclin B 
C. Cyclin C 
D. Cyclin D 
E. Cyclin E
A

B

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14
Q

Which of the following cyclin is present in most stages of the cell cycle?

A. A 
B. B 
C. C 
D. D
E. E
A

`D

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Restriction (R) Point of the cell cycle?

A. It is within the G1 phase
B. Commits the cell to divide
C. The cell becomes insensitive to mitogens beyond this point
D. Signals the cell to exit the cycle and enter G0 phase

A

D

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mode of CDK regulation?

A. interactions with CDK inhibitors
B. ubiquitination of cyclins
C. acetylation of CDKs
D. phosphorylation of CDKs

A

C

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17
Q

Which chemical modification mediates the destruction of cyclins?

A. ubiquitination 
B. phosphorylation
C. methylation 
D. dephosphorylation 
E. acetylation
A

A

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18
Q

Which of the following BEST describes cyclin?

A. It does not have intrinsic enzymatic activity.
B. It binds to cdk.
C. It is synthesized and degraded each cell cycle.
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

A

D

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19
Q

Which of the following BEST describe cell cycle arrest?

A. Asynchronous profile with flow cytometry
B. G1 accumulation of cell population
C. S-phase activation
D. All of the above

A

B

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20
Q

Which cyclin is involved in the M to G1 phase?

A. Cyclin D
B. Cyclin E
C. Cyclin B
D. Cyclin A

A

A

21
Q

Which cyclin is involved in the G1 to S phase?

A. Cyclin D
B. Cyclin E
C. Cyclin B
D. Cyclin A

A

B

22
Q

How does p53 regulate cell cycle?

A. It activates p21 gene. 
B. It deactivates pRb gene. 
C. It disrupts G1 to S phase. 
D. All of the above 
E. A and B only
A

D

23
Q

Which of the ff. statements may explain why cancer cells are able to evade apoptosis?

A. loss of p53 function 
B. overexpression of Bax 
C. overexpression of Bcl-2 
D. A & C 
E. AOTA
A

D

24
Q

Which of the following best describes cyclin:

a. Synthesize and degrade during each cell cycle
b. Binds to cdk
c. Does not have internal enzymatic process
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above

A

e

25
Q

Phases of mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

26
Q

Cytokinesis is a phase of mitosis. T/F

A

F

Mitosis is a process of chromosome segregation and nuclear division. This need not involve division of cytoplasm.

27
Q

Mitotic phase where replicated chromosomes condense and become visible

A

Prophase

28
Q

Mitotic phase where the nucleolus disappears

A

Prometaphase or late prophase

29
Q

Mitotic phase where the nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate into small transport vessicles

A

Prometaphase or late prophase

30
Q

Ring of proteins that hold together sister chromatids

A

Cohesins and centromere

31
Q

A highly specialized protein complex that appears on each chromatid opposite ot the centromere

A

Kinetochore

32
Q

Mitotic phase beginning with the mitotic spindle

A

Metaphase

33
Q

Mitotic spindle is made of which structural protein?

A

Microtubules

34
Q

Mitotic phase where the chromosomes aline at the central plane of the cell

A

Metaphase

35
Q

Mitotic phase where the sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

36
Q

Mitotic phase where the nuclear envelope around the chromosomes are restored

A

Telophase

37
Q

The gene for kinesin was knocked out. In which stage of mitosis would the cells be stuck?

a. prophase
b. prometaphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase

A

b

38
Q

Which of the following results from an unregulated cell division?

a. Protooncogene is active
b. Tumor suppresor genes are active
c. Oncogenes are inactive
d. None of the above

A

d

39
Q

What is true about interphase?

a. Dependent on 1 type of cyclin
b. Metabolically less active than G0
c. Cell size is fixed
d. Chromosome number is not constant

A

d

40
Q

What will be the cellular outcome when there is a longer persistence of activated CDKs during G1?

a. Shorter G2 length
b. Hypertrophic cell
c. G1 arrest
d. Smaller cell volume

A

b

41
Q

Which of the following is not true about cytokinesis?

a. Involves actin
b. Highly dependent on ATP
c. Involves microtubules
d. Initiates after mitosis

A

d

42
Q

In cancer, which cell cycle stage is responsible for insensitivity to growth inhibition?

a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

A

a

43
Q

Which of the following is a feature of the early divisions of embryonic cells?

a. No G1 and G2
b. No G1, Short G2
c. Short G1, no G2
d. Short G1 and G2

A

b

44
Q

Which of the following will result from non-polyubiquitination of cyclin B?

a. Uncontrolled continuous nuclear division
b. Non-entry to the M phase
c. Exit out of the cell cycle to G0
d. Arrest of nuclear division

A

D

45
Q

Which cell cycle stage determines commitment to go through the cell cycle? (R Point)

a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

A

A

46
Q

Which cell stage is most sensitive to oncogene activity?

a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

A

A

47
Q

Which is least likely to result in uncontrolled cell division?

a. Mutation in both tumor suppressor alleles
b. Oncogene that is always active
c. Deletion of a proto-concogene gene
d. An inhibition-resistant tumor suppressor protein

A

C

48
Q

Which of the following is not a means of controlling CDKs?

a. Phosphorylation
b. DNAse activation
c. Binding by inhibitors
d. Amount of cyclins

A

B

49
Q

Which of the following is true about apoptosis?

a. Presence of inflammation
b. Cause by chemical injury
c. Cleared by phagocytosis
d. Cellular leakage

A

c

Cell (7 decks)

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