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Anaphy > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

How Chromosomes is formed?

A

i. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into the thread like structure called chromosomes.

ii. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around histones that support its structure.

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2
Q

This are highly alkaline found in eukaryotic cell nuclei That package and order the DNA into structural units called?

A

Nucleosome

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3
Q

Internal structure of histone

A

Histone two each: H2A, H2B, H3, H4

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4
Q

Anatomy of chromosome

A

Telomere
Short arm
Centromere
Longer arm
Sister Chromatid

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5
Q

Caps at the end of each strand of DNA that are chromosomes;
Without this DNA strand become damaged and cells can’t do their job

A

Telomere

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6
Q

The region of chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the Kinetochore, during cell division.
-Point of attachment of the Kinetochore

A

Centromere

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7
Q

Cri-du-Chat Syndrome
Down syndrome
47, XXXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
Turner Syndrome
Williams Syndrome

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

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8
Q

Errors during dividing of sex cell

A

meiosis

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9
Q

Errors during dividing of other cells

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

-Is a group of symptoms that result from missing a piece of chromosome
-Short arm of chromosome 5
-It is an autosomal deletion syndrome caused by a partial deletion of chromosome 5P and is characterized Buy a distinctive, high-pitched, facial abnormalities, and mental retardation thru out life.

A

Cri-du-Chat Syndrome

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11
Q

Chromosomal Condition that is associated with the
:intellectual disability,
characteristic facial appearance and
weak muscle tone in infancy
-Typically caused by non-disjunction
-Trisomy 21 is caused by an error in cell division

A

Down syndrome

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12
Q

Genetic condition in which a human male has an extra male (Y), Giving it total of 47 chromosomes
-occurs during cell division

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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13
Q

Chromosomal condition that alters development in females.
-unable to conceive a child because of an absence of ovarian function.
-Occurs when one of the two (X) chromosomes normally found in women is missing or incomplete

A

Turner Syndrome

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14
Q

A developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body.
-Characterized by a
:mild to moderate intellectual disability’s or learning problems,
:unique personality characteristics,
:distinctive facial features, and
:heart and blood vessel problems. -Caused by deletion of additional genetic material near the elastic gene on chromosome 7

A

Williams Syndrome

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15
Q

Breakage of the chromosomes can lead to four types of changes in chromosome structure

A

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation

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16
Q

It occurs when a chromosome fragment lacking a centromere is lost during cell division

A

Deletion

17
Q

It occurs when a fragment becomes attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid

A

Duplication

18
Q

It occurs when of chromosomal fragment reattaches to the original, psalm but in the reverse orientation

A

Inversion

19
Q

A chromosomal fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome

A

Translocation

20
Q

— is an orderly set of stages that take place between that time a cell divides and the time resulting daughter cells also divide.
— It is controlled by internal and external signals like a molecule that stimulates or inhibits a metabolic events.

A

The cell cycle

21
Q

CC stages:
Is a process in which a cell may double its entire content in preparation for cell division

A

Interphase

22
Q

The cells contents are distributed in two daughter cells

A

M-phase

23
Q

During this stage, the cell carries on its regular activities, and it also gets ready to divide if it is about to complete the cell cycle.

G1 phase -growth
S phase - Dna Synthesis
G2 phase - Growth and preparation for mitosis

A

Interphase

24
Q

a period when the cell increases in size in preparation for cell division. RNA and proteins including enzymes needed for making DNA synthesized

A

Gap 1 Phase

25
Q

Periods during which DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated. Each strand of the double-stranded chromosomes produced is called a sister chromatid

A

Synthesis Phase

26
Q

Stage when the cell continues to synthesize RNA and proteins and increase in size

A

Gap 2 Phase

27
Q

Undergone by all somatic and germ cells. The process of cell division which result in the production of teo identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

28
Q

First phase of mitosis
The process that separates the duplicated genetic material. In the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

A

Prophase

29
Q

Chromosomes align along equator of the cell, with the one kinetochore facing each pole.

A

Metaphase

30
Q

Sister chromatid separate.

Spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles

Free spindle fibers lengthen and pushed poles of cell apart

A

Anaphase

31
Q

Spindle fibers disintegrate.
Nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes.
Chromosomes revert to their extended state.
Cytokinesis occurs, enclosing two daughter nucleus into a separate cell

A

Telophase

32
Q

Division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells, overlaps with the final stages of my mitosis.

It may start in either and anaphase or telophase, depending on the cell, and finishes shortly after telophase

A

Cytokinesis

33
Q

A division of the nucleus that reduces the chromosomes number by half.

Important and sexual reproductions.

Involves combining the genetic information of one parent with that of the other parent to produce a genetically distinct individual

A

Meiosis

Anaphy (6 decks)

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