Cell Cycle

Question 1

Chromosomes are made up of 40% _______ & 60% ____.

Answer 1

DNA, Protein

Question 2

DNA is a long string-like structure and is organized around a protein called ____.

Answer 2

histone

Question 3

Chromosomes are made up of 2 chromatids held together by a ____________ (protein disk).

Answer 3

Centromere

Question 4

___________: chromosome in a ________ cell, thick and _________form, can count the number

Answer 4

Chromatid, dividing, condenced

Question 5

_________: chromosome in a ___________or growing cell, thin, string-like, cannot count number.

Answer 5

Chromatin, nondividing

Question 6

S stands for 1-__ 2-__ 3-__

Answer 6

DNA synthesis, replication, duplication.

Question 7

M: _________ or __________

Answer 7

mitosis, meiosis.

Question 8

C: _________________: Splitting of ____________________ producing ______ cells at the end.

Answer 8

cytokines, cytoplasm, 2

Question 9

Interphase: Getting ready for ________ phase. It is made up of ________, __________, ________.

Answer 9

M - G1,S,G2

Question 10

Mitosis has 4 steps: _________, ____________, ____________, ____________

Answer 10

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. (PMAT)

Question 11

Sex cells also known as _______________ go through _______________

Answer 11

gametes, meiosis

Question 12

Body cells also known as ______________ cells go through ______________

Answer 12

somatic, mitosis

Question 13

Mitosis produces 2 identical ___________cells from 1 ___________ cell having the ___________ number of chromosomes.

Answer 13

daughter, mother, same

Question 14

_____________ help animal cells divide.

Answer 14

centrioles

Question 15

Plant cells form a _____ ________ to separate daughter cells.

Answer 15

cell plate

Question 16

Bacteria divide by _____________ _____________(double its DNA and then split)

Answer 16

binary fission

Question 17

Mitosis is _________ reproduction & has ____stages.

Answer 17

asexual, 4

Question 18

Purpose of mitosis is formation of
______nuclei from_____
nucleus.

Answer 18

2, 1

Question 19

Prophase:
______ _________starts dissolving, chromosomes appear as_______, ________ fibers appear.

Answer 19

nuclear membrane, chromatid, spindle

Question 20

metaphase: chromosomes line up is the _____, the nuclear membrane ________, and spindle fibers _______ to chromosomes.

Answer 20

middle, disappears, attach

Question 21

anaphase: spindle fibers pull chromatids ______, chromatids move ____ the poles of the cell.

Answer 21

apart, to (towards)

Question 22

telophase: almost ________ of prophase, nuclear membrane is ________, spindle fibers are __________, and chromosomes appear as ____________

Answer 22

opposite, forming, disappearing, chromatin

Question 23

what are somatic cells?

Answer 23

body cells produced by mitosis

Question 24

what are gametes?

Answer 24

sex cells, sperm and egg, specialized reproductive cells produced by meiosis

Question 25

what is a haploid cell

Answer 25

“n” cell with only one set of chromosomes (example- humans have 46 chromosomes)

Question 26

what are autosomes?

Answer 26

remaining chromosomes in each cell excluding sex chromosomes, give
you your traits

Question 27

the fist step in meiosis is what?

Answer 27

Meiosis1 or (reduction division)

Question 28

whats the second step in meiosis?

Answer 28

Meiosis2 or (identical to mitosis)

Question 29

What cells do meiosis make?

Answer 29

4 haploid

Question 30

describe what Homologs/homologous chromosomes are and what they do:

Answer 30

– matching chromosome pairs in a diploid cell in meiosis, they pair up and are called synapsis/tetrad

Question 31

where does the matching chromosomes cross over when they pair up?

Answer 31

chiasma

Question 32

when the chromosomes exchange DNA, what is it called?

Answer 32

reciprocal exchange. This leads to genetic variation.