Cell Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Sel biasanya berkomunikasi via…

A

Sinyal Kimia

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2
Q

Yang mengubah sinyal pada permukaan sel menjadi respon seluler adalah…

A

Signal transduction pathway

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3
Q

Sebutkan macam-macam signaling1

A
  1. Local

2. Long-distance

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4
Q

Komunikasi sel pada hewan dan tumbuhan dapat melalui bagian yang bernama…

A

Cell junction

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5
Q

Pada tipe local signaling dapat terjadi seperti apa…

A

Direct atau cell recognition

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6
Q

Sel hewan ketika messagenya dekat menggunakan…

A

Regulator lokal

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7
Q

Tumbuhan dan hewan menggunakan … untuk message yang jauh atau long-distance

A

Hormon

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8
Q

Cara mengenali sinyal?

A

Reseptor spesifik pada sel

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9
Q

Contoh local signaling adalah…

A
  1. Paracrine signaling (vesikel)

2. Synaptic signaling

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10
Q

Tahap pada cell signaling?

A
  1. Reception
  2. Transduction
  3. Response
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11
Q

Signal molecule disebut juga…

A

Ligand

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12
Q

Sebutkan macam-macam tipe reseptor!

A
  1. G protein-coupled receptors
  2. Receptor tyrosin kinases
  3. Ion channel receptors
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13
Q

Contoh hydrophobic messenger adalah…

A

Steroid dan tiroid

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14
Q

Molekul relay adalah…

A

Sinyal dari reseptor, kebanyakan protein

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15
Q

Protein kinases dan protein phospatases adalah…

A

Kalau kinases dia mindahin P dari ATP ke protein dan phospatases sebaliknya

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16
Q

Second messenger itu di mana…

A

GPCRs dan RTKs

17
Q

Contoh 2nd messenger…

A

Cyclic AMP dan ion kalsium

18
Q

Yang mengubah ATP menjadi cAMP pada respon sinyal ekstraselular adalah…

A

Adelynyl cyclase

19
Q

cAMP akan mengaktivasi…

A

Protein kinase A

20
Q

Pelepasan ion ca2+ melibatkan…

A

IP3 (Inositol triphosphate) dan DAG (Dyacyglycerol)

21
Q

Response bisa terjadi di…

A

Nukleus atau sitosol

22
Q

4 aspek fine-turning!

A
  1. Amplifikasi sinyal
  2. Spesifisitas respon
  3. Efisiensi respon (scaffolding protein)
  4. Terminasi sinyal
23
Q

Apoptosis adalah…

A

Memprogram sel untuk bunuh diri

24
Q

Kenapa apoptosis?

A

Mencegah enzim keluar dari sel yang dapat merusak sel tetangga

  • ada death signaling molecule
  • kerusakan DNA di nukleus
  • misfolding protein di dalam retikulum endo plasma
25
Q

Apoptosis penting dalam?

A

Perkembangan embrionik dalam membentuk bentuk

26
Q

Sinyal apoptosis?

A

Death signaling molecule

27
Q

Protease utama pada apoptosis adalah…

A

Caspaces