Cell Boundraries Flashcards

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1
Q

What is embedded in the protein channels of some cells?

A

Carbohydrate molecules

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2
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The tendency of particles to move from areas of high to low concentration

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3
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

What the concentration of solutes is the same throughout the system

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4
Q

Does particle movement stop in equilibrium?

A

No

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5
Q

Why doesn’t diffusion depend on energy?

A

It comes from random particle movement

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water. Water moves to areas of high concentration

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7
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

When the solution is more concentrated that the cell, the solution is hypertonic.
When the cell is more concentrated than the solution, the cell is hypertonic

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8
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

When the solution is less concentrated than the cell, the solution is hypotonic.
When the cell is less concentrated than the solution, the cell is hypotonic

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9
Q

What is isotonic?

A

When the concentrations are in equilibrium, the cell and solution are isotonic

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10
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by osmosis on the hypertonic side of the membrane

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11
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Small, non polar molecules passing through the cell membrane.

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12
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Large or polar molecules passing through protein channels in the membrane

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13
Q

What do simple and facilitated diffusion have in common?

A

They move with the concentration gradient and don’t require energy

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14
Q

What is active transport?

A

Diffusion that goes against the concentration gradient. Requires ATP energy

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15
Q

What is endocytocis?

A

The process of taking materials into the cell by means of pockets in the cell membrane. These pockets beak loose from the outer portion of the cell membrane and form a vacuole with the cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

A type of endocytosis. When extensions occur of the cytoplasm surround a particle, then package it in a vacuole. The cell then engulfs it. Requires little energy.

17
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

A type of endocytosis. When tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, then pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell

18
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

When the membrane of the vacuole surrounding a material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell