cell biology and genetics 3 - neil Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the cell cycle made up of?

A

2 major phases

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2
Q

what are the 2 major phases in cell division?

A

I & M

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3
Q

I phase-

A

Cell grows, DNA is synthesised, and organelles replicate

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

m phase

A

Nuclear division (Mitosis) followed by Cytoplasmic division (Cytokinesis

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6
Q

how many chrosomes in the g1 phase

A

2n diploid

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7
Q

how many chrosomes in the s phase

A

2n- 4n (tetraploid0

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8
Q

how many chrosomes in the g2 phase

A

4n (tetraploid)

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9
Q

how many chromsomes in the M phase

A

4n to 2n (diploid)

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10
Q

where does meiosis occurs>

A

in the gonads

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11
Q

what does gonad produce

A

produce reproductive cells as gametes

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12
Q

what type of cells are the gametes

A

they are diploid and only carry one copy of each type of chromsome

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13
Q

what happens to the chrosmomes in meiosis?

A

Chromosomes exchange DNA by Genetic Recombination before being shared out in new combinations in single chromosomes sets (Haploid).

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14
Q

what does genetic recombination result in>

A

results in the formation of New combinations of genes

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15
Q

summarize synapsis in metphase one

A

occurs during Prophase I
process where homologous chromosomescome together and align very closely along their lengths

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16
Q

what structure causes the homologous chrososommes come together in metaphase one

A

synaptonemal complex.

17
Q

what is the purpose of metphase one

A

crucial for the process of crossing over

18
Q

where does homogloos chrosmsoems join to form? (1)

A

they join together in pairs to form synaptonemal complex

19
Q

how is each pair of chromatids connecteced? (2)

A

axial protein

20
Q

how are the 2 homolgous chrosmsomes held together? (3)

A

central element proteins

21
Q

recombination nodule (4)

A

RN forms that contains enzymes for cutting and splicing DNA. chromsomes are cut and joined crosswire at points called chiamata where they seperate

22
Q

why is exchange of gentic material dangerous

A

leads to deletions and duplications

23
Q

what is the results of crossing over?

A

each of chromatid ends up in a seperate gamete
2 of them have paretnal genotypes and 2 the recombinat genotypes

24
Q

where does radnom assoertment take place

A

Random, independent assortment during Metaphase I

25
Q
A