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Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are examples of specialised cells?

A

Sperm, nerve, muscle, root hair, phloem and xylem cell.

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2
Q

What do bacterial cells contain?

A

A plasmid

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3
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

A

23

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4
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

In the aveoli

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5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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6
Q

What are cell membranes?

A

Cell membranes are semi-permeable, only small molecules can get through.

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7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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8
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement of substances against the concentration
gradient. This process requires energy from respiration.

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9
Q

What is the independent variable in osmosis and potato practical?

A

The concentration.

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10
Q

What is the control variable in osmosis and potato practical?

A

Volume of solution, temperature time, surface area of the potato.

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11
Q

What is the dependent variable in osmosis and potato practical?

A

Change in mass

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12
Q

What is the conclusion of the osmosis and potato practical?

A

The potato in the sugar solution will lose water and so will have less mass at the end; the potato in the pure water solution will gain water.

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13
Q

What is differentiation?

A

When a cell changes to become a specialised cell.

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14
Q

What is a sperm cells’ function?

A

To get from the male DNA to the female DNA.

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15
Q

What is the nerve cells’ function?

A

To send electrical impulses around the body.

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16
Q

What is the muscle cells’ function?

A

To contract quickly.

17
Q

What is the root hair cells’ function?

A

To absorb water from the soil.

18
Q

What is the phloem’s function?

A

Transports substances around the plant.

19
Q

What is xylem’s function?

A

Transports water through the plant.

20
Q

How do you convert micrometers to millimeters?

A

Divide by 1000

21
Q

What does the microscopy practical involve?

A

Includes preparing a slide, using a light microscope,
drawing any observations – use a pencil and label important observations.

22
Q

What are the 3 things a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?

A

A chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall.

23
Q

What does a bacterial cell contain?

A

A plasmid.

24
Q

Describe a bacterial cell.

A

Bacterial cells do not have a true nucleus, they just have a single strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.

25
Q

What makes new cells?

A

The cell cycle.

26
Q

What has to happen before mitosis?

A

DNA has to be copied/replicated before the cell carries out mitosis.

27
Q

What are embryonic stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to turn into any kind of cell.

28
Q

Where are adult stem cells found?

A

In the bone marrow.

29
Q

What do multicelluar organisms have?

A

A large surface to volume
ratio so that all the substances can be exchanged.

30
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

In the aveoli.

31
Q

What does aveoli have?

A

They have a large surface area, moist lining, thin walls and a good blood supply.

32
Q

What do villi do?

A

Line the small intestine increasing the surface area to absorb more food.

33
Q

Why is the surface of the leaf flattened?

A

To increase the surface area for more gas exchange by diffusion.

34
Q

What do guard cells do?

A

Open and close the stomata, controlling water loss.

35
Q

What diffuses out the stomata?

A

Oxygen and water vapour.

Biology (7 decks)

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