Cell Biology

Question 1

Where is genetic information stored in the cell?

Answer 1

The Nucleus

Question 2

What is the main difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells in regard to genetic information?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus, so it’s genetic material is free floating in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 3

The nucleus

Question 4

Where does translation take place?

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

What is the main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 6

RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded.

Question 7

What is unique about RNA?

Answer 7

It has many different functions in a eukaryotic cell such as mRNA which acts as a messenger to the Ribosomes. It also uses uracil instead of thymine as a nucleic acid

Question 8

What is glycocylation?

Answer 8

The attachment of sugars to a protein during protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 9

Rough ER and Smooth ER

Question 10

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum’s way of dealing with emergencies?

Answer 10

The unfolded protein response

Question 11

How many forms (degrees) of protein folding are there?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Alpha helixes and Beta sheets form at which stage of protein folding

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What are the 4 macromolecules in biology?

Answer 13

Protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleaic acids

Question 14

What is the main function of lipids

Answer 14

Energy storage

Question 15

What is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 15

Used for energy (broken down to create ATP)

Question 16

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 16

Varies depending on the protein, but overall cell maintenance and maintaining cell function

Question 17

What is the monomer of lipids

Answer 17

Triacyglycerides

Question 18

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Sugars

Question 19

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 19

Amino Acids

Question 20

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 20

DNA and RNA

Question 21

What’s the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

Answer 21

Nucleotides are DNA and RNA, nucleosides are prymidines and purines

Question 22

What makes up the cell membrane?

Answer 22

The phospholipid bilayer

Question 23

Which direction do the hydrophobic tails point?

Answer 23

Inwards

Question 24

What is the most common type of passive transport?

Answer 24

Osmosis (Diffusion)

Question 25

What is the main difference between active transport and passive transport?

Answer 25

Active transport requires ATP to move against the concentration gradient

Question 26

Which direction do the hydrophilic heads point in the lipid bilayer?

Answer 26

Outwards

Question 27

What characteristic allows some materials to pass through the membrane, but others to not be able to?

Answer 27

Semipermeability

Question 28

How does the sodium potassium pump work?

Answer 28

It uses a voltage gradient to get molecules into and out of the cell based on the molecules electric charge

Question 29

Which proteins are used during active transport to guide non permeable molecules into the cell?

Answer 29

Channel proteins

Question 30

What cellular processes takes place inside the mitochondria?

Answer 30

Cellular respiration, electron transport chain, glycolysis

Question 31

How many net ATP does cellular respiration yield?

Answer 31

36-38 ATP

Question 32

How many ATP does glycolysis yield?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Which process takes place under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 33

Fermentation

Question 34

Fermentation produces what byproduct that causes muscle soreness when working out?

Answer 34

Lactic Acid

Question 35

What organelle is intertwined with the nucleus?

Answer 35

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

Chromosomes are only present during what cellular process?

Answer 36

Mitosis

Question 37

How does the cell deal with misfolded proteins?

Answer 37

The Endoplasmic reticulum makes chaperone proteins that try to fix the protein misfolding, if it is unsuccessful the cell will undergo programmed cell death

Question 38

What disease is most common among protein misfolding disorders

Answer 38

Muscular Dystrophy