Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alexander B > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is genetic information stored in the cell?

A

The Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells in regard to genetic information?

A

Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus, so it’s genetic material is free floating in the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

The nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA

A

RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is unique about RNA?

A

It has many different functions in a eukaryotic cell such as mRNA which acts as a messenger to the Ribosomes. It also uses uracil instead of thymine as a nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is glycocylation?

A

The attachment of sugars to a protein during protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Rough ER and Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum’s way of dealing with emergencies?

A

The unfolded protein response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many forms (degrees) of protein folding are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alpha helixes and Beta sheets form at which stage of protein folding

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules in biology?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleaic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main function of lipids

A

Energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A

Used for energy (broken down to create ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Varies depending on the protein, but overall cell maintenance and maintaining cell function

17
Q

What is the monomer of lipids

A

Triacyglycerides

18
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Sugars

19
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

20
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

21
Q

What’s the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

A

Nucleotides are DNA and RNA, nucleosides are prymidines and purines

22
Q

What makes up the cell membrane?

A

The phospholipid bilayer

23
Q

Which direction do the hydrophobic tails point?

A

Inwards

24
Q

What is the most common type of passive transport?

A

Osmosis (Diffusion)

25
Q

What is the main difference between active transport and passive transport?

A

Active transport requires ATP to move against the concentration gradient

26
Q

Which direction do the hydrophilic heads point in the lipid bilayer?

A

Outwards

27
Q

What characteristic allows some materials to pass through the membrane, but others to not be able to?

A

Semipermeability

28
Q

How does the sodium potassium pump work?

A

It uses a voltage gradient to get molecules into and out of the cell based on the molecules electric charge

29
Q

Which proteins are used during active transport to guide non permeable molecules into the cell?

A

Channel proteins

30
Q

What cellular processes takes place inside the mitochondria?

A

Cellular respiration, electron transport chain, glycolysis

31
Q

How many net ATP does cellular respiration yield?

A

36-38 ATP

32
Q

How many ATP does glycolysis yield?

A

2

33
Q

Which process takes place under anaerobic conditions?

A

Fermentation

34
Q

Fermentation produces what byproduct that causes muscle soreness when working out?

A

Lactic Acid

35
Q

What organelle is intertwined with the nucleus?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

Chromosomes are only present during what cellular process?

A

Mitosis

37
Q

How does the cell deal with misfolded proteins?

A

The Endoplasmic reticulum makes chaperone proteins that try to fix the protein misfolding, if it is unsuccessful the cell will undergo programmed cell death

38
Q

What disease is most common among protein misfolding disorders

A

Muscular Dystrophy

Alexander B (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions