Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the name of when cells specialise?

A

Differentiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does undifferentiated mean?

A

Cells that can form other types of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where can stem cells be found in the human body?

A

Bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of cells can stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into?

A

Blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Osmosis

A

The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define active transport

A

Substances move from a low to a high concentration (against the concentration gradient) which requires energy from respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is active transport used in plants

A

Mineral ions can be absorbed into the plant root hairs from very dilute solutions in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is active transport used for movement of sugar molecules

A

Active transport allows sugar molecules to be absorbed from lower concentrations in the gut into the blood which has a higher sugar concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do animal and plant cells contain

A

Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane,
cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features of bacterial cells

A

Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison. They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Site where protein synthesis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

here many of the chemical reactions happen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do electron or light microscopes have a higher magnifying power

A

Electron microscope

17
Q

What is the name of cell division for bacteria

A

Binary fission

18
Q

How long does it take for bacteria to divide with sufficient nutrients and a suitable temperature

A

every 20 minutes

19
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

the process of Cells dividing in a series of stages

20
Q

Stage 1 of cell cycle

A

Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria. The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

21
Q

Stage 2 of cell cycle

A

In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.

22
Q

Stage 3 of the cell cycle

A

Finally the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical cells.

23
Q

Why is cell division by mitosis important

A

Cell division by mitosis is important in the growth and development of multicellular organisms.

24
Q

What is a stem cell

A

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation.

25
Q

How can stem cells from human embryos be used

A

Stem cells from human embryos can be cloned and made to
differentiate into most different types of human cells.

26
Q

What can stem cells from adult bone marrow form

A

Stem cells from adult bone marrow can form many types of cells
including blood cells.

27
Q

What can meristem tissue differentiate into

A

Meristem tissue in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell, throughout the life of the plant.

28
Q

What can stem cells treat

A

Treatment with stem cells may be able to help with conditions such as diabetes and paralysis.

29
Q

What occurs in therapeutic cloning

A

In therapeutic cloning an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment.

30
Q

What are the risks of using stem cells

A

The use of stem cells has potential risks such as transfer of viral
infection, and some people have ethical or religious objections.

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions