Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B7 - Ecology (P2) > Flashcards

B7 - Ecology (P2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a habitat

A

The environment in which an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a population

A

The total number of organisms of same species living in the same geographical area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a community

A

The populations of all the different species that live in the same habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

How the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do plants compete for

A

Light
space
Water
mineral ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do animals compete for

A

Food
water
mating partners
territory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is interdependance

A

All the different species in a community depend on one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a stable community

A

when the populations of the different species in a community remain fairly constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are biotic factors

A

The living parts of an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

The non- living parts of an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give examples of biotic factors

A

Availability of food
The arrival of a new predator
Competition between species
New pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give examples of abiotic factors

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Water
pH and mineral content of soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are camels adapted to

A

The hot and dry conditions in a desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are camels adapted to the desert

A
  • The hump stores fat
  • Can perform metabolic reactions that turn fat into water
  • A thick fur coat insulates the top of the camel form the heat which reduces water loss through sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are behavioral adaptations

A

Adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are structural adaptations

A

Adaptations of body shape and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are functional adaptations

A

Adaptations to the body functions of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an adaptation

A

An inherited feature that enhances survival in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are cactuses adapted to

A

Living in dry conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are cactuses adapted to dry conditions

A
  • They have small leaves to reduce water loss
  • They contain extensive and shallow roots to allow cacti to catch as much water as possible after rainfall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are extremophiles

A

Organisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What conditions can extremophiles survive in

A

They can endure high pressure, high temperature and high concentrations of salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a food chain start with

A

A producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of the producer

A

Synthesise complex molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the producers the source of

A

All biomass in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Organisms that consume the producer are what

A

Primary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Draw a food chain for grass, fox and rabbit

A

grass —-> Rabbit —-> Fox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What trophic level is the producer

A

Trophic level 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What trophic level is the tertiary consumer

A

Trophic level 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Going through a food chain does the number of species increase or decrease

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What percent of energy is passed on through a food chain

A

10%

32
Q

What are the trends of a predator-prey cycle

A

The populations rise and fall in cycles

33
Q

What is sampling

A

A method used to determine the number of organisms in an area

34
Q

What are the two methods of sampling

A

Random sampling
Sampling along a transect

35
Q

What is random sampling

A

Sampling using a quadrat to compare the number of organisms in different areas

36
Q

How do you perform random sampling

A

Place a quadrat on the ground and count the number of organisms inside the quadrat and calculate the total population size

37
Q

What organisms is random sampling used to calculate

A

Sampling plants or slow-moving animals

38
Q

How do you calculate total population size

A

(total area/ area sampled) x number of organisms of the species in sample

39
Q

What is a transect

A

A line e.g. tape measure or rope

40
Q

What is sampling along a transect used to investigate

A

if the number of species changes as we move across a habitat

41
Q

How do you perform sampling along a transect

A

Place a transect so it runs across the habitat, then use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals on the quadrat

42
Q

What are the conditions needed for decomposition

A

High temperature
Moist conditions
Good supply of oxygen

43
Q

What can happen if the abiotic factors change

A

The distribution of species may change

44
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of all different organisms on Earth

45
Q

Why is biodiversity important

A

Because species depend on one another for food and shelter

46
Q

What happens if there is more biodiversity in an ecosystem

A

The environment becomes more stable

47
Q

What is the effect of a stable ecosystem

A

There is less dependency on one species

48
Q

How are humans reducing biodiversity in tropical forests

A

large areas are being destroyed (deforestation) to provide land for agriculture, housing etc

49
Q

Why are humans using more resources than ever

A

Better standards of living and increased populations

50
Q

What does sewage contain

A

Urine and faeces

51
Q

What does sewage contribute to

A

Water pollution

52
Q

What happens to sewage before it is released

A

It is treated

53
Q

What are rivers and streams polluted with

A

fertilizers

54
Q

What is the effect of fertilizers in streams

A

Reduce dissolved oxygen levels which kills aquatic organsims

55
Q

Where does the carbon cycle start

A

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

56
Q

How does carbon enter plants

A

Through photosyntheis

57
Q

How does carbon dioxide return to the atmosphere from animals and plants

A

Aerobic respiration

58
Q

What happens to the carbon in waste of dead animals

A

It forms fossil fuels or decomposes through fungi or bacteria

59
Q

How is the carbon in fossil fuels returned to the atmosphere

A

Combustion

60
Q

Why are decomposers important

A
  • They cycle materials through an ecosystem
  • They release mineral ions into the soil
61
Q

What happens to dead animals if decomposers don’t function properly

A

The carbon is converted to fossil fuels

62
Q

What happens to the water in clouds

A

It is released as precipitation ( rain, snow, sleet, hail)

63
Q

What happens to the precipitation

A

The runoff is absorbed by the roots

64
Q

What happens to the water in the roots

A

Evaporated and then condensed to form clouds

65
Q

What is the importance of the water cycle

A

Plants need water for photosynthesis and growth
Animals rely on water and plant matter for food

66
Q

What is the main contributor to air pollution

A

Combustion of fossil fuels

67
Q

What does the combustion of fossil fuels release

A

Greenhouse gases

68
Q

What is the main contributor to land pollution

A

Landfills

69
Q

What is the effect of landfills on biodiversity

A

Destroys habitats which reduces biodiversity

70
Q

What is the effect of landfills on biodiversity

A

Destroys habitats which reduces biodiversity

71
Q

What is land used for

A

Infrastructure, agriculture, landfill, peat production, deforestation

72
Q

What do peat bogs contain

A

Large amounts of dead plant materials

73
Q

What causes peat bogs to have a lot of trapped carbon

A

The conditions for peat make decay very slow

74
Q

What is peat used for

A

To produce cheap compost for gardens and farms

75
Q

What is the effect of destroying peat bogs

A
  • Reduces the variety of organisms so reduces biodiversity
  • Large amounts of the trapped carbon is released into the atmosphere
76
Q

What are the consequences of global warming

A
  • Loss of habitats
  • Change in the distribution of animals
  • Changes in migration patterns
  • Plants flower earlier

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions