Cell Adaptation Flashcards
Coagulative
Severe,acute injury; cell outline still discernible ex. Myocardial infarct due to coronary artery inclusion
Changes in necrosis
Cell swelling, increased eosinophilia, glassy homogenous, ghost like, inflammatory response, loss of nuclear material
Liquefactive
Form of coagulative, lysis, Brain, softness caused my hydrolytic enzyme release
Caseous necrosis
Tuberculosis, granuloma formation (hallmark), soft/liquefied/cheese-like
Fat necrosis
Adipose tissue contiguous to pancreas.
Damage-> leakage of acinar cells-> activation of enzymes-> lipase/phospholipase-> cell injury -> release of free fatty acids -> fatty acids+ cations-> saponification -> tetany
Gangrene
Coagulative, dessicated, mummified, no availability for leukocytes to enter
Tumor necrosis
Tumors outgrow tumor supply, infiltrating immune cells, therapy
Apoptosis morphology
Loss of cell contact, shrinkage, chromatin condensation, bleb, fragmentation of nucleus, no inflammatory response, phagocytosis
Hypertrophy (physiological)
Pregnant uterus, athlete muscle
Hypertrophy (pathological)
Pyloric/aortic stenosis, obesity (both hyperplasia and hypertrophy)
Hyperplasia (physiological)
Female breast, compensatory (liver/kidney), uterus
Hyperplasia (pathological)
Hyperestrinism (endometrium), psoriasis, goiters
Atrophy (physiologic)
Involution- uterus; atrophy of ovary post-menopause, muscle atrophy
Atrophy (pathologic)
Ischemic atrophy (atherosclerosis), denervation, pressure (amyloidosis of the heart)
Hypoplasia (physiologic)
Post menopausal endometrium
Apoptotic Pathway: Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Intrinsic- p53–>Bax->cytochrome C–>Casp 9–> Casp 3
TNF/Fas bind to receptors–>Disc–>casp 8,10–> casp 3,6,7
Replicative Capacity
Non-dividing
Conditionally
Continuously
Muscle, Brain, Heart
Liver, Pancreas, Kidney
Bone Marrow, GI epithelium, Respiratory epithelium, Skin,
Characteristics of Dysplasia
aggresive, high n:c, darker nuclei, clumping, hyperchromatism, abundant mitoses, loss of normal orientation
