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Foundations I SM > Cancer and Nomenclature > Flashcards

Cancer and Nomenclature Flashcards

0
Q

Squamous

A

Squamous

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1
Q

Adeno

A

Glandular tumor

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2
Q

Leio

A

Smooth muscle tumor

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3
Q

Rhabdo

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Chondro

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Osteo

A

Bone tumor

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6
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant epithelial tumor

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7
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant mesenchymal

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8
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignant lymphocytic

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9
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant melanocytic

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11
Q

Oma

A

Benign tumor

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12
Q

4 classes of target genes that lead to Neoplasia

A

Oncogenes
Tumor Surpressor
Apoptotic Regulators
DNA repair genes

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13
Q

Steps to Invasion and Metastasis

A

Invasion: Detachment of Tumor Cells, Attachment to matrix components, Degradation of the ECM, Migration of tumor cells, Receptor-mediated attachment to laminin and fibronectin

Metastasis: Intravasation, Adhesion to blood vessel endothelium, extravasation

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14
Q

Oncogenes

Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

BCL-2, Myc, c-kit, Ras, Her-2, growth factors

p53, RB, APC/beta-catenin

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15
Q

Chemical Carcinogenesis

A

Initiation- DNA damage in critical genes, irreversible
Promoter- Cell proliferation, reversible
Progression- genetic mutations accumulate

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16
Q

Direct Carcinogens

Indirect Acting Carcinogens

Physical Carcinogens

Microbial Carcinogens

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors, Alkylating agents, Nitrogen mustards

Benzopyrene, Aflatoxin B found in molds of agricultural products (in hepatocellular carcinoma)

UV light, Ionizing radiation, asbestos (interstitial fibrosis, carcinoma, mesthelioma)

Epstein- Barr virus, HPV E6, E7 (cervical carcinoma), H.pylori gastric carcinoma

17
Q

Causes of Cellular Injury

A

Hypoxia, Free radicals, Nitrogen oxide, Lipid peroxidation

Mech.- ATP depletion, Calcium Homeostasis, DNA damage, free radicals, membrane damage

18
Q

Benign

Malignant

A

Well differentiated, usually slow rate of growth (encapsulated by fibers), does not invade adjacent tissues, no metatasis

May be well or poorly differentiated, usually fast rate of growth, often invades adjacent tissues, can metastasize

19
Q

Grading

Staging

A

Depicts the degree of histologic differentiation, degree of anaplasia and mitotic activity

Tumor spread, lymph node involvment, and distant metastatic spread

Foundations I SM (10 decks)

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