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MICROPARA (DOC) > CELL > Flashcards

CELL Flashcards

1
Q

Basic and fundamental unit of life, it possesses a highly organized structure that enables it to carry out its vital functions.

A

CELL

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2
Q

2 Types of Cell

A

PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC

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3
Q

A type if cell that lacks a defined nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Cells that has a defined nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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5
Q

a phospholipid bilayer which surrounds the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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6
Q

a selective barrier between the interior and the exterior environment

A

Cell Membrane

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7
Q

its primary role lies in regulating the passage of substances, including nutrients and waste materials

A

Cell Membrane

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8
Q

Within it, specialized proteins play a crucial role in facilitating molecular transport and cellular communication.

A

Cell Membrane

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9
Q

an organelle that houses DNA, located in the center of eukaryotic cells.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Its primary function is to store and safeguard genetic information, controlling gene expression and DNA replication.

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

It also contains the nucleotus, which is involved in ribosome synthesis.

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

a gel-like matrix containing water, salts, proteins, and other molecules

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

occupies space between the cell membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

plays a crucial role in biochemical reactions, energy production, and substance transport

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

Building and repairing cellular structures, regulating biological processes, and expressing specific characteristics of each organism.

A

Protein Synthesis

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16
Q

Are essential organelles for cellular functioning and survival

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

synthesize proteins using the genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA), crucial for cellular structure, function, and regulation

A

Ribosomes

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18
Q

are located in the cytoplasm and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosomes

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19
Q

Ribosomes are located in the _____ and the ______

A

cytoplasm & rough endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

network interconnected membranes that extends from nuclear membrane to cell membrane

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

plays a role in the transport, processing, & distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

Two main types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

RoughEndoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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23
Q

_____ is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

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24
Q

______ specializes in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

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25
Q

packaging of proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Golgi Apparatus

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26
Q

Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipoproteins are essential for maintaining cell’s internal balance

A

Golgi Apparatus

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27
Q

Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipoproteins are essential for ______

A

maintaining cell’s internal balance

28
Q

composed of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae, it acts as a “shipping center” of the cell, sorting and packaging proteins into vesicles for transport and distribution

A

Golgi Apparatus

29
Q

To carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes essential for the proper functioning of the cell and/or organism.

A

Energy Supply

30
Q

cells primary function is energy generation through cellular respiration (ATP production).

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

Mitochondria is present in eukaryotic _____ & _____

A

animal & plant

32
Q

The ______ of mitochondria allows for the organization of various stages of the respiratory chain, making it crucial for cellular function and survival.

A

double membrane

33
Q

It involves breaking down molecules and unwanted materials, enabling the recycling of nutrients and cellular maintenance.

A

Cellular Digestion

34
Q

contains digestive enzymes that breaks down molecules and unwanted cellular materials

35
Q

facilitate cellular digestion, by disposing of waste, recycling nutrients, and defending against pathogenic invasions

36
Q

contain catalase that degrade hydrogen peroxide and toxic compounds, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage

A

Peroxisomes

37
Q

Peroxisomes contain _____ that degrade hydrogen peroxide and toxic compounds, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage

38
Q

play a role in the synthesis and degradation of lipids and bile acids, regulating lipid metabolism and overall homeostasis

A

Peroxisomes

39
Q

Maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement and division, are essential for its functioning and survival.

A

Support and Movement

40
Q

contains protein filaments and provides support and enables movement in eukaryotic cells

A

Cytoskeleton

41
Q

Microfilaments are _____ in diameter, While microtubules are ____ in diameter

A

Microfilaments: 3-6 nm in diameter
Microtubules: 20-25 nm

42
Q

polymer of protein Actin

A

Microfilaments

43
Q

form spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis

A

Microtubules

44
Q

form scaffolds throughout the cell, defining and maintaining its shape

A

Microfilaments

45
Q

Important in cell motility

A

Microtubules

46
Q

Specialized structures for movement.

A

Flagella, Cilia, Pili

47
Q

enable locomotion in liquid environments

48
Q

____ is elongated structures of flagellin

49
Q

Flagella: elongated structures of ____

50
Q

____ are shorter and create coordinated
flow on cell surface

51
Q

are rigid surface appendages composed of a protein called pilin

A

Pili (fimbrae)

52
Q

Pili are rigid surface appendages composed of a protein called ____

53
Q

manage nutrients, eliminate waste, and regulate metabolic processes.

A

Storage and Transportation

54
Q

Meinbrane-bound organelles found in plant and some animal cells. They store nutrients, water, ions and waste materials, regulating turgor pressure and osmotic balance.

55
Q

_____ can also be involved in the digestion substances and serve as a defense mechanism against predators by containing toxins.

56
Q

Membranous vesicles that transport specific materials between organelles and the cell membrane.

A

Vesicles and endosomes

57
Q

They transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus to other destinations.

58
Q

They capture and distribute materials for degradation, recycling, or their incorporation into metabolic pathways.

59
Q

work together to maintain cellular
homeostasis and perform essential life activities.

A

Structure and basic functions

60
Q

These organelles work together to maintain cellular homeostasis and perform essential life activities (structure and basic functions)

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
61
Q

These organelles work together in protein synthesis

A
  1. Ribosomes
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Golgi Apparatus
62
Q

These organelles work together carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes essential for the proper functioning of the cell and/or organism (Energy Supply)

A
  1. Mitochondria
63
Q

These organelles work together in repairing cellular structures, regulating biological processes, and expressing specific characteristics of each organisms (Protein Synthesis)

A
  1. Ribosomes
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Golgi Apparatus
64
Q

These organelles works together in breaking down molecules and unwanted materials, enabling the recycling of nutrients and cellular maintenance (Cellular Digestion)

A
  1. Lysosomes
  2. Peroxisomes
65
Q

These organelles works together in maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement and division, are essential for its functioning and survival (Support and Movement)

A
  1. Cytoskeleton
  2. Cilia, Flagella, Pili
66
Q

These organelles manage nutrients, eliminate waste, and regulate metabolic processes (Storage and Transportation)

A
  1. Vacuoles
  2. Vesicles & Endosomes

MICROPARA (DOC) (9 decks)

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