CED Unit 4 (Motivation) Flashcards
Drive-reduction theory
Motivation stems from the need to reduce biological drives (hunger, thirst)
Homeostasis
State of equilibrium within body + mind
Arousal theory
Motivation stems from the need to maintain an optimal level of arousal, aiming for a balance between boredom and stress
Optimal level of arousal
Individuals have a preferred level of alertness and stimulation
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Best work occurs under moderate arousal
Self-determination theory
Intrinsic motivation and well-being are fostered when people’s basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are met
Intrinsic motivation
Internal motivation
Incentive theory
Behaviors are driven by the desire to obtain rewards or avoid punishments
Extrinsic motivation
External rewards
Lewin’s motivational conflicts theory
Individuals are motivated to resolve conflicts that can categorized into three types
Approach-approach conflicts
Both options are good (playing video games or going for ice cream with friends)
Approach-avoidance conflicts
There are both appealing and negative aspects to the decision (telling the truth about a friend cheating on a test)
Avoidance-avoidance conflicts
Both options are equally unattractive (visit the relatives or clean your room)
Sensation-seeking theory
Our motivation can come from a desire for new or exciting experiences
Thrill seeking
A drive to engage in physically risky activities like skydiving or extreme sports
Disinhibition
A tendency to seek out social or recreational situations that involve relaxing and having fun, like going to parties
Boredom susceptibility
An individual’s tolerance for repetitive or routine experiences, influencing how much they seek new stimulation to avoid boredom
Ghrelin
Hormone produced in stomach that signals hunger and increases appetite
Leptin
Hormone that regulates appetite and weight control
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis, regulates basic biological functions like hunger and sleep-wake cycles
Pituitary gland
Regulates growth and metabolism under the direction of the hypothalamus
