CCMA high yield questions (free) Flashcards
What does the P wave represent on an EKG?
atrial depolarization; this is when the atria contract
What does the QRS wave complex represent on an EKG?
ventricular depolarization; this is when the ventricles contract
What does the T wave represent on an EKG?
ventricular repolarization; this is when the ventricles relax
What does the U wave represent on an EKG?
This is often not seen on an EKG; it represents further repolarization of the ventricles
The atria are the two ___ chambers of the heart.
upper
The ventricles are the two ___ chambers of the heart.
lower
Define cluster scheduling and provide an example.
Similar patients grouped for appointments; for example, all immunizations booked on Wednesday afternoons each week.
Define open hours schedule and provide an example.
Patients are seen in the order of arrival during set hours, no scheduled appointments. Ex: walk in clinic.
Define wave scheduling and provide an example.
Multiple patients are booked at one time (a “wave” of patients), seen in order of arrival. Ex: 5 patients are booked at the beginning of each hour.
Define modified wave scheduling and provide an example.
More patients are scheduled at beginning of a wave, fewer patients are scheduled towards the end of a wave. Ex: 3 patients are booked at the beginning of the hour and 2 patients are booked 30 minutes later, each hour.
What does the acronym SOAP stand for?
subjective, objective, assessment, plan
When setting up a sterile field, what is necessary to avoid contamination?
Do not reach over the sterile field.
When opening a sterile pack, the final flap should be opened ___ the body to maintain sterility.
Toward
Describe the proper sterile flap opening.
First flap - away from the body
Last flap - toward the body
Sterile items should be kept ___ or ___ waist level and in sight to prevent contamination.
At; above
Sterile items should be placed at the ___ of the sterile field.
Center
If the sterile drape does not cover the entire surface, a ___-inch margin around the edge of the drape is considered unsterile.
1
Describe the lithotomy position.
The patient lying on their back with their feet supported by stirrups. Used for pelvic exams.
Describe the Semi-Fowler’s position.
The head and upper body are elevated at an angle of 15-45 degrees (30 degrees is common). This position is used for patients who need to be elevated for comfort or who have difficulty breathing.
Describe the High Fowler’s position.
Bed that is elevated to an angle of 90 degrees (patient is seated fully upright). Often used for patients who are having significant trouble breathing, such as those with COPD.
Describe the left lateral position.
Formerly referred to as Sims’. Patient is lying on the left side, the left hip and left leg are straight, and the right hip and right knee are bent. Used for rectal exams.
Describe the supine position.
Patient lying on their back with their arms by their sides. Used for general exams or procedures.
Describe HMO’s (health maintenance organizations).
Requires a patient to choose a PCP and receive referrals for specialist care, but generally has lower out-of-pocket costs.
Describe PPO’s (preferred provider organization).
Offers more flexibility in choosing healthcare providers, but may come with higher out-of-pocket costs.
Describe implied consent.
The assumption of permission to do something that is understood from an individual’s actions rather than directly stated.
Describe explicit consent.
When the patient gives clear and specific permission for a medical treatment (verbal, written)
When you hear of congestive heart failure (CHF), what are the symptoms you will see?
Edema (swelling), particularly of the lower legs; shortness of breath, difficulty breathing; fatigued.
Describe angina.
Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. This is a result of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries).
Describe syncope.
Fainting or temporary loss of consciousness. Caused by temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain. Common precursor symptoms: Paleness, sweating, dizziness, nausea, a slow or rapid pulse.
A patient who is at risk for or is in syncope should be placed either ___ or ideally in the ___ position, which is on the back with feet elevated above the head.
supine; Trendelenburg
Describe anemia.
A condition in which there are low red blood cells, which can cause fatigue and shortness of breath.
Describe heart attack.
A medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the heart is blocked, which can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms.
Describe hypoglycemia.
Low blood sugar. This can cause dizziness, sweating, and a weak pulse. It is more common in diabetics who have either: taken too much insulin; have not eaten enough carbohydrate-rich food.
AC
before meals
PC
after meals
Describe therapeutic communication.
A communication style that focuses on helping patients to feel heard and that the listener actually cares and wants to resolve the patient’s problems. Techniques include; active listening, allowing silence, using open ended questions, asking for clarification, restating information to confirm understanding and to show the patient you’ve listened to them, acknowledgement of the person and their personal struggles so the patient feels heard, recognized and valued.
