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GCSE CCEA Chemistry unit 1 > CCEA Glossary of Terms > Flashcards

CCEA Glossary of Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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2
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in (the nucleus of an atom.

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms which have the same number of protons (so they are atoms of the same element) but they have a different number of neutrons (so they have a different mass number).

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4
Q

Cation

A

positive ion

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5
Q

Anion

A

negative ion.

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6
Q

compound

A

substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined.

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7
Q

ionic bond

A

attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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8
Q

covalent bond

A

formed by a shared pair of electrons.

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9
Q

Diatomic

A

two atoms covalently bonded in a molecule.

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10
Q

Metallic bonding

A

attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive ions in a regular lattice.

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11
Q

Malleable

A

can be hammered into shape.

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12
Q

Ductile

A

drawn out into wires.

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13
Q

alloy

A

mixture of two or more elements at least one of which is a metal and the resulting mixture has metallic properties.

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14
Q

nanometre

A

10-9m

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15
Q

nanoparticle

A

A structure that is 1 - 100 nm in size.

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16
Q

Allotropes

A

are different forms of the same element in the same physical state.

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17
Q

element

A

substance that consists of only one type of atom and it cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.

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18
Q

compound

A

substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined.

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19
Q

atom

A

the simplest particle of an element that can exist on its own in a stable
environment.

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20
Q

molecule

A

a particle that consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

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21
Q

period

A

A horizontal row in the Periodic Table.

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22
Q

group

A

vertical column in the Periodic Table.

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23
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the mass of the atom compared with that of the carbon 12 isotope, which has a mass of exactly 12, and it is the weighted mean ofthe mass numbers

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24
Q

Percentage yield

A

Actual yield
theoretical yield x 100

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25
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

water that is chemically bonded into the crystal structure.

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26
Q

Hydrated

A

solid crystals contain water of crystallisation.

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27
Q

Dehydration

A

removal of water of crystallisation.

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28
Q

anhydrous

A

substance does not contain water of crystallisation.

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29
Q

degree of hydration

A

the number of moles of water of crystallisation chemically bonded in 1 mole of the compound.

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30
Q

empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound.

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31
Q

molecular formula

A

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

32
Q

An indicator

A

a chemical that gives a colour change in acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions.

33
Q

A base

A

a substance that reacts with an acid producing a salt and water.

34
Q

Alkali

A

a soluble base.

35
Q

strong acid

A

ionises completely in water.

36
Q

Ionises

A

Breaks down

37
Q

weak acid

A

ionises partially in water.

38
Q

strong alkali

A

ionises completely in water.

39
Q

weak alkali

A

ionises partially in water.

40
Q

Neutralisation

A

the reaction between an acid and an alkali producing a salt and water.

41
Q

A salt

A

a compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.

42
Q

pure substance

A

a single element or compounds (and is not mixed with any other substance).

43
Q

mixture

A

defined as two or more substances mixed together, which are usually easy to separate.

44
Q

melting point

A

(or melting temperature) is the temperature at which a solid changes
into a liquid.

45
Q

boiling point (boiling temp)

A

is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas

46
Q

formulation

A

a mixture which has been designed as a useful product and has been designed as a useful product and is formed by mixing together several different substances in carefully measured quantitites to ensure the product has the required properties

47
Q

soluble substance

A

soluble substance dissolves in water.

48
Q

insoluble substance

A

insoluble substance does not dissolve in water.

49
Q

solute.

A

soluble substance which dissolves

50
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid in which the solute dissolves is the solvent.

51
Q

Solution

A

mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent is a solution.

52
Q

Miscible

A

Miscible liguids mix.

53
Q

Immiscible

A

Immiscible liquids do not mix.

54
Q

The filtrate

A

The filtrate is the filtered solution.

55
Q

The residue

A

The residue is the solid which remains on the filter paper.

56
Q

Rf

A

Distance moved by spot
Distance moved by solvent

57
Q

saturated solution

A

saturated solution is one in which no more solid will dissolve in water at a particular temperature.

58
Q

Precipitate

A

a solid which may be formed on mixing two solutions.

59
Q

Solubility

A

the mass of solid that will saturate 100 g of water (or solvent) at a particular
temperature.

60
Q

displacement reaction

A

a reaction in which a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound.

61
Q

redox reaction

A

Reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur at the same time.

62
Q

Oxidation

A

gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen or loss of electrons.

63
Q

Reduction

A

loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen or gain of electrons.

64
Q

Rust

A

hydrated iron(III) oxide.

65
Q

activation energy

A

the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.

66
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.

67
Q

reversible reaction

A

reaction where reactants can change into products and the products can change back into the reactants.

68
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

occurs when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction resulting in the amount of reactants and products remaining constant.

69
Q

equilibrium reaction

A

considered to be a closed system where only the reactants and products are present.

70
Q

homogeneous reaction (or system)

A

Reaction or system in which all the reactants and products are in the same state.

71
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Takes in heat

72
Q

Titration

A

Reacting two solutions together to determine the No of moles of the solute in one of the solutions

73
Q

Avogrados Law

A

Equal vols of gases under same conditions of temp and pressure contain same No of particles

74
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Gives out heat

75
Q

Combustion

A

Reaction fuel + O2 = oxides + heat released

GCSE CCEA Chemistry unit 1 (8 decks)

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