CCBS MD2 Flashcards
How do you know if you have an aneurysm in your stomach?
If you have an enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm, you might notice: Deep, constant pain in your abdomen or on the side of your abdomen. Back pain. A pulse near your bellybutton.
peptic ulcer of duodenum - better after eat
A 40-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 2-month history of intermittent upper abdominal pain. He describes the pain as a dull, gnawing ache. The pain sometimes wakes him at night, is relieved by food and drinking milk, and is helped partially by ranitidine. He had a similar but milder episode about 5 years ago, which was treated with omeprazole. Physical examination reveals a fit, apparently healthy man in no distress. The only abnormal finding is mild epigastric tenderness on palpation of the abdomen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Dyslipidemia
is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle.
A 52-year-old obese white man was referred to hospital because of increasing fatigue and exertional dyspnea. He had been well until 5 months previously. The patient had a medical history of dyslipidemia and hypertension. Physical examination showed blood pressure 140/90 in both arms, a heart rate of 74 beats/minute and an apical gallop sound. Femoral pulses were palpable bilaterally but weak and delayed compared to the brachial pulses.
coarctation of aorta
arrowing, or constriction, in a portion of the aorta. The condition forces the heart to pump harder to get blood through the aorta and on to the rest of the body. The aorta is the largest artery in your body.
What is the difference between aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta?
This spectrum is dichotomized by the idea that aortic coarctation occurs in the aortic arch, at or near the ductus arteriosis, whereas aortic stenosis occurs in the aortic root, at or near the aortic valve.
a progressively worsening sensation of pain in both legs, right worse than left, during extended periods of walking. The pain will increase to the point where he must cease walking entirely. His pain subsides during periods of rest
Chronic arterial insufficiency
persistent swelling in her bilateral lower extremities for several years. Characterized by swelling at the ankles, a feeling of tightness or heaviness in the calves, and pain during a prolonged standing in place in an upright position. Her medical history is remarkable for bilateral osteoarthritis of the hips and Class II obesity. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Chronic venous insufficiency
A 10-year-old boy from a hilly village presented with a 3-day history of sudden appearance of a painful brownish lesion over the back of his left leg. The child have fatigue, headache and decreased appetite. He gave a history of visit to the nearby forest a few days before the appearance of the lesion. Which sign of the disease is a medical sign?
brownish lesion - it can be observed -
pencil-like” stool.
colon or rectum problem
Feculent vomiting, Small intestine
stercoraceous vomiting. Fecal vomiting is a kind of vomiting wherein the material vomited is of fecal origin. It is a common symptom of gastrojejunocolic fistula and intestinal obstruction in the ileum.
A pathognomonic sign
is a particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt. Labelling a sign or symptom “pathognomonic” represents a marked intensification of a “diagnostic” sign or symptom.
Osler’s nodes
are painful, red, raised lesions found on the hands and feet. They are associated with a number of conditions, including infective endocarditis, and are caused by immune complex deposition.
Holosystolic (pansystolic) murmurs
start at S1 and extend up to S2. They are usually due to regurgitation in cases such as mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, or ventricular septal defect (VSD).
Hemoptysis - airway bleeding
Mitral stenosis,
lung cancer, infections such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, and certain cardiovascular conditions.
is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs. In other words, it is the airway bleeding. This can occur with lung cancer, infections such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, and certain cardiovascular conditions.
A 42-year-old man was transferred to hospital for evaluation of hemoptysis. He was born in Laos and immigrated to the United States at age 6 years. He had a history of mitral valve commissurotomy 25 years previously in the setting of rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). He also had known esophageal varices from cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis B. He had been in a normal state of health until 6 months before presentation, when he began experiencing increasing dyspnea on exertion. He also complained of progressively worsening nocturnal cough exacerbated by lying supine, forcing him to sleep in a recliner. The cough progressed to become productive of blood-tinged sputum. He denied having any syncopal episodes, fevers, chills, or night sweats. He was a lifelong nonsmoker and denied any intravenous drug use, recent travel, or history of incarceration. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of hemoptysis in this patient?
where to listen for mitral stenosis?
cardiac apex
