CC2 Separating substances Flashcards

1
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A process to separate the constituents of a mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In paper chromatography, what is the stationary phase and what is the mobile phase

A

Paper is stationary, solvent (usually water or ethanol) is mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can chromatography show the difference between pure and impure substances?

A

Pure ones will not separate into a number of spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the Rf value calculated?

A

distance moved by spot/distance moved by solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a substance’s Rf value depend on?

A

How soluble it is in the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In chromatography, why must the substances be placed on a pencil line?

A

Pencil will not dissolve in the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In chromatography why must the solvent height be lower than the pencil line?

A

So that the substances do not dissolve into the solvent off the paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the melting point of a pure substance different from that of an impure substance?

A

Pure substance has one specific melting point. Impure substance has a melting range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is simple distillation used to separate?

A

A single liquid from a mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is fractional distillation used to separate?

A

Multiple liquids of different boiling points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is filtration used to separate?

A

An insoluble solid from a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Forming crystals of a soluble solid from a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is potable water?

A

Drinking water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can sea water be made potable?

A

By distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the stages used to make water potable.

A

Sedimentation, filtration and chlorination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance made of one type of atom or molecule only.

17
Q

How would you separate water from salt water?

A

Simple distillation

18
Q

How would you separate salt from salt water?

A

Crystallisation

19
Q

Why must analysis be done with pure water?

A

Because dissolved salts in non pure water would give false positive results.

20
Q

How is the melting point of a mixture different from a pure substance?

A

A pure substance has a single melting temperature, a mixture has a range of melting points.