CBRN Flashcards
What is the chemical safety rule? (6)
Experience (bombardment of any kind)
Sight (hostile/unknown low flying aircraft)
See (suspicious mists, smoke droplets, splashes)
Smell (anything unusual)
Notice (symptoms in yourself/others)
Hear (an alarm)
What are the types of CBRN warning and alarms? (7)
AUDIBLE
Interrupted siren (CBRN HAZARD-BLACK)
Vocal (GAS GAS GAS)
Banging (rapid beating of metal items)
Horns (1sec blasts at 1 sec intervals)
Tannoy (station/unit broadcasts)
Audio visual pyro (whistling sound with yellow/red/yellow lights)
VISUAL
Black triangle/flag
What are the CBRN ALL CLEAR warnings/alarms? (5)
AUDIBLE
Shout (“all clear CBRN”
Siren (steady note)
Horn/bugle (steady note)
Tannoy broadcasts
VISUAL
Removal of CBRN Black triangle/flag
What are the 3 CBRN NATO contamination warning signs?
Nuclear white triangle (black lettering marked ATOM)
Biological blue triangle (red lettering marked BIO)
Chemical yellow triangle (red lettering marked GAS)
What is air attack warning? (Describe) (4)
Red square/flags
Continuous warbling sire for one minute
Local warning
Tannoy broadcast
In relation to air attacks, when is an air attack considered hostile? (3)
Is visually recognised by configuration/markings as hostile aircraft
Is dropping enemy troops/releasing ordnance against friendly forces/facilities
Is clearly manoeuvring into position to attack friendly forces/facilities
In relation to air attacks, when is an air attack considered hostile? (3)
Is visually recognised by configuration/markings as hostile aircraft
Is dropping enemy troops/releasing ordnance against friendly forces/facilities
Is clearly manoeuvring into position to attack friendly forces/facilities
When does the unmasking drill take place and what the 4 parts?
Initiated by local commander on advice from higher authority via CBRN advisor/cell
1 LIQUID
(one colour detector paper to check all exposed surfaces for any chemical liquid, if found procedure is to stop check again after 30 mins min. until absence is reported, local commander the order test for vapour)
2 VAPOUR
(use vapour detection instrument, test area for trace of chemical vapour, check in areas where it may collect eg/trench,pits,shelters)
3 2 MAN SNIFF TEST
(Carefully controlled and done by 2 in front of local commander in upwind position, all clear can only be issued by higher authority after confirmation from CBRN advisor, when called individual sniff test done)
4 individual sniff test
(After all clear, if any time suspect chemical agent, remask and shout GAS GAS GAS)
outline both sniff tests
When does a suit need changing?
Soaked by fuel/oil
Torn
Been subjected to liquid chemical agent for more than:
- 6 hours in case of mustard droplets
- 24 hours in case of other agents
(Respirators worn throughout incase of vapour from contaminated clothing and gloves and outside of respirator cleaned incl. underside of chin)
What are the 2 categories of chemical agents and the 5 classes of chemical agents?
Lethal (kill)
Non lethal (incapacitation eg/pepper spray)
CLASSES
Nerve agents
Blood agents
Lung damaging agents
Blister agents
Incapacitating agents
what are the 2 types of persistencies? (How long lasting)
Persistent
Non persistent
What are the 4 routes of entry chemical agents and the 3 delivery methods of chemical agents?
ROUTES
Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Wounds
DELIVERY
Bursting munitions
Aerosol generators
Spray equipment
What are the 4 types of lethal chemical agents?
NERVE (interfere with nervous system and disrupt bodily functions, cumulative effect, incapacitation/death)
BLOOD (affects bodily functions by preventing body tissue from using oxygen in blood, fast acting, lethal, non persistent, respirator can protect but must be on in 9s)
CHOKING (affects ability to breathe by attacking lungs and throat)
BLISTER/DAMAGING (inflammation and blistering of skin, eyes and breathing passage, detected by paper/RVD, MCAD and CAM)
What are the 5 ways chemical agents can be disseminated?
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapour
Gas
What are the 3 early symptoms of nerve agent poisoning? (Acronym)
RTC
Running nose, increase saliva
Tightness of chest
Constriction of pupils and diminished vision
What are the 4 later symptoms of nerve agent poisoning? (Acronym)
HDDE
Headache
Dizziness and general weakness
Drooling
Excessive sweating
What are the 4 danger symptoms of nerve agent poisoning? (Acronym)
NIMS
Nausea and vomiting
Involuntary bodily functions
Muscle twitching
Stoppage of breathing
What are the 3 acronyms for the 3 categories of symptoms for nerve agent poisoning?
Early - RTC
Later - HDDE
Danger - NIMS
(Can be in random order)
How is blood agent poisoning developed, how is it detected and what are the 5 symptoms?
Acronym included
Inhalation only
Delivered by bombardment
MCAD can detect lethal concentrations
Smells of bitter almond
DRHNU
Dizziness
Rapid breathing
Headache
Nausea
Unconsciousness, death
What is the entry way for choking agents and the 3 symptoms?
Acronym included
Inhalation
SUR
Shortness of breath, choking
Unconsciouness
Recurrence of symptoms in 48 hours
What are the ways of entry of damaging agents, how are they detected and what are the 3 types of symptoms?
Acronym
Inhalation, absorption, digestion
Effects cumulative
Detector paper, RVD, MCAD, CAM
ETS
EYES - reddening, irritation, watering, eventual closure and potential blindness
THROAT - dry, burning, coughing
SKIN - reddening, burning, blisters esp. moist areas eg/arm pit
What colour does the indicator in the GSR (respirator change when new and then used)?
Green (never used)
To black (used)
When do the filters in your GSR (respirator need changed?
After 4 months deployed in CBRN threat state low or high
20 years after issue
What is the role of the secondary filter in the GSR (respirator)?
Reduces Co2 build up
Prevents visor misting by guiding airflow
What does the GSR (respirator) system (havisack) consist of?
Respirator (size 1-4)
NAPS (tablets)
Combo pens
Spare PFCs
DKP1/DKP2
What is the lifespan in years of the 7 GSR (respirator) components?
Respirator 20 years
Valves 20 years
Secondary filters 20 years
Bottle cap 20 years
Haversack 20 years
Harness 5 years
PFCs 15 years
What are the 4 dos and 5 don’ts for caring and maintaining the GSR (respirator)?
DO
- visually inspect regularly
- stow correctly in haversack
- clean correctly
- ask C-CBRNi to carry out any maintenance
DONT
- let others wear it
- wear without PFCs fitted
- store near heat/under heavy
- submerge underwater
- hang by harness to dry
When should you visually inspect your GSR?
Initial issue ( individual suck test, CTF final test)
Pre and post use
6 monthly, annual and pre deployment
What are the 7 key things to check on your GSR (respirator) during visual inspection ?
Cracks and tears
Visor
PFCs
Twin seals
Exhale cartridge
Straps and buckles
Haversack
What are the 3 levels of cleaning in relation to your GSR?
Daily ( wiping down after each use with trigene wipes)
Detailed ( eg/if soiled)
Disinfection (any bio hazard eg/blood/sick - soak in trigene solution on advice of medical officer, following contact with someone infectious, for return to store)
What colour will one colour detector paper colour change to and as stocks of one colour detector paper run out what colour will the replacement stocks turn?
Blue
Red in line with NATO
In relation to 3 colour detector paper, what 3 colours will they turn and why?
RED - H type blister agent
AMBER - G type nerve agent
GREEN - V type nerve agent
WILL NOT DETECT VAPOURS
DKP 1 & 2 will be found as part of your protective equipment in your haversack, what does this stand for and what are they?
decontaminated kit personal
DKP 1 - pad to soak up chemicals on skin
DKP 2 - powder
NAPS aka tic tacs
Pack of 21 tablets, 1 every 8 hours (given 2 packs - 14 day supply)
DKP 1 & 2 will be found as part of your protective equipment in your haversack, what does this stand for and what are they?
decontaminated kit personal
DKP 1 - pad to soak up chemicals on skin
DKP 2 - powder
NAPS will be found as part of your protective equipment in your haversack, what does this stand for and what are they? How many do you get and how do you take them?
nerve agent pre-treatment set
Pack of 21 tablets
1 every 8 hours
(given 2 packs - 14 day supply)
aka tic tacs
What does your CBRN suit protect your from and for how long? When does it need to be changed? (4)
Protect against most chemical liquid agents for up to 24 hours, vapour over longer period
MUST be changed when:
- soaked by full/oil (POL)
- torn
- subjected to liquid chemical agent
- after 28 days continuous wear
What are the 5 steps to the chemical safety rule?
ACRONYM
SNAGS
Smell (GAGS - grass, almond, garlic, sweet)
Notice (signs and symptoms in self/others)
Alarms
Given as order
See (anything unusual/a threat - mist/droplets/low flying hostile aircraft’s)
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL MUST COMMENCE STRAIGHT AFTER (aim to be done in 9 secs)
What are the 6 steps to the immediate action drill? Acronym included
1 DKP Hands
2 remove helmet and put between legs
3 front of respirator and under chin
4 undo Velcro and undo zip few inches
5 remove hood
6 FRENCH
F - face
R - respirator (in 2 movements-straps and inside)
E - ears
N - neck
C - X
H - hair, harness, hood, helmet, hooves
BLOT BANG RUB
When does a suit need changing? Where should it ideally be done and what should be worn throughout?
Soaked by fuel/oil (POL)
Torn
Subjected to liquid chemical agent for more than:
- 6 hours in case of mustard droplets (strong corrosive substance)
- 24 hours in case of other agents
Where possible should be carried out in uncontaminated area and is best achieved by buddy buddy system and respirators worn throughout to protect against vapours given off from contaminated clothing
What are the types of casualties in a chemical environment and what are the general principles when looking to treat them?
TYPES
- conventional casualties in non toxic area
- chemical casualties
- conventional casualties in toxic enviro
PRINCIPLES
- Ensure you’re fully protected, masked up and reassure casualty
- check results of equipment, symptoms in casualty to identify agent then evacuate them to medical aid
Explain the 2 treatments for casualties in a chemical environment for NERVE AGENT POISONING
PRE TREATMENT AGAINST NERVE AGENT POISONING
- if attack is imminent, order to start course to increase body’s resistance
- don’t take more if missed one
- 2 packets (42 tablets, 1 every 8 hours)
- ensure no liquid agent falls/take cover to do
IMMEDIATE SELF AID FOR NERVE AGENT POISONING
- give one injection of combo pennies symptoms of nerve agent poisoning become apparent after masking
- if still persists after 15 minutes, repeat procedure every 15 minutes (MAX 3x)
Explain the steps for treating casualties in a chemical environment for BLOOD AGENTS
Ensure you and casualty in correct IPE
Keep casualty warm
Evacuate to medical aid
Explain the steps to treating casualties in a chemical environment for CHOKING AGENT
Ensure both in correct IPE
Keep casualty warm
DO NOT attempt resuscitation (transmit) but administer oxygen if available
Casualty in casualty bag
Evacuate to medical aid by stretcher
Explain the steps for treating casualties in a chemical environment for BLISTER AGENTS
Both in correct IPE
If in eyes in last 5 minutes, flush with water, if longer leave for medic
Decontaminate suspect area with DKP2 and blisters, then dress with chemical proof material - DO NOT break blisters
Evacuate to medical aid
Explain the steps for treating casualties in a chemical environment for INCAPACITATING AGENTS
Both in correct IPE
Remove casualties weapon, ammunition and bayonet (potentially disorientated)
Get them to drink water
Observe and restrain where necessary (delusional)
Evacuate to medical aid
In relation to chemical environment treatments, if the combo pen is administered and is incorrect, what will happen, what are the symptoms and what is the treatment?
ATROPINE POISONING
- Rapid pulse over 100
- Dry mouth and throat
- Dry hot skin
- Enlarged pupils
- Restlessness and anxiety
TREATMENT
- Ensure in correct IPE
- Remove casualty weapon and ammunition and bayonet
- Get to drink
- Observe and restrain where necessary (delusional)
- Evacuate to medical aid
When should you change your Primary Filter Canister (PFC)?
9
Feel effects of chemical agents
Excessive breathing resistance felt
Immersed in water/fluid
Damaged/contents rattle
After 6 confirmed chemical attacks
After 3 weeks in chemical enviro
After 4 months wear
After 3 advanced respirator test system tests (ARTS) or 30 mins continuous exposure in ARTS facility
When ordered to
What are the pre attack protection measures for nuclear survival procedures?
IPE and 2 layers of clothing to protect from heat (innermost being cotton/wool)
Keep weapons undercover to protect from blast and heat
Shelters for protection
Non essential electronic equipment off
What are the 6 post attack precaution measures following a nuclear procedure?
IPE
Cover
Movement (minimal and essential only)
Hygiene
Decontaminate
Respirator
What are the 4 resultant injuries from a nuclear explosion?
Flash blindness
Burns
Blast injuries
Radiation sickness (nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, general discomfort eg/flu aches)
What are the biological methods of dissemination?
Liquid droplet
Aerosols
Dry powder
Solid
Additional to food and water supplies
What are the 2 main classifications of biological weapons and the 5 classes of biological agents?
1 Lethal and non lethal
2 Transmissible or non transmissible
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Toxin
Parasite
What are the 4 entry routes for biological agents and what are the 4 methods of dissemination?
Innoculatiom
Ingestion
Inhalation
Open wounds
Direct deposit
Vector ( rats etc )
Explosive munitions
Aerosol delivery means
What are the 7 preventative measures from biological agents?
IPE work correctly incl. respirator
Maintain personal hygiene
Care of cuts and wounds
Immunisation by vaccines and use of anti biotics
Recent and pest control
Field santitation
Authorised food and drink sources
What are the 7 preventative measures from biological agents?
IPE work correctly incl. respirator
Maintain personal hygiene
Care of cuts and wounds
Immunisation by vaccines and use of anti biotics
Recent and pest control
Field santitation
Authorised food and drink sources
What are the effects on weather and ground on the duration of biological hazard?
Atmospheric stability
Atmospheric pollution
Temperature and humidity
Sunlight
Precipitation
What are the 4 types of bursts in relation to nuclear weapons?
EXO ATMOSPHERIC (above 30km)
ENDO ATMOSPHERIC (below 30km)
Air bursts
Surface bursts
Sub surface bursts
What are the 6 characteristics of nuclear weapons?
F H S R E C
Flash and fireball (“after image” blind for 1-2days/permanent)
Heat (direct and indirect)
Shock and blast (direct and indirect)
Radiation
- initial radiation (first 60s, consists of 2 types of radiation: gamma rays and neutrons)
- residual radiation (consists of fallout, rainout, gamma radiation, alpha and beta particles, neutron induced activity aka NIA)
Electromagnetic phenomena (EMP - disturbs radio comms and electrical equip aka TREE = Transient Radiation Effect on Electronics)
Cloud
