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Hematology 2 Summer 2023 > CBC & Diff > Flashcards

CBC & Diff Flashcards

1
Q

If dyes are normal and the slide is bluer than normal. This could suggestion…

A

Patient may have increased blood protein

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2
Q

Patient’s blood smear have holes on the sides is a sign of…

A

Patient may have increased lipid levels (lipemia)

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3
Q

HCT Formula

A

(RBC X MCV) /10

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4
Q

Calculate MCH

A

(HGB / RBC) X 10

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5
Q

Calculate MCHC

A

(HGB / [RBC X MCV] ) X 1000

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6
Q

Calculate MCHC

A
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7
Q

What blood count indices are measured using electrical impedance?

A

WBC, RBC, and platelets

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8
Q

What blood count indices are found using the testing method beer’s law @ 525 nm?

A

Hgb

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9
Q

What blood count indices are derived from histogram?

A

MCV, and RDW

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10
Q

In optical light scatter forward angle light scatter (FALS) will give what kind of information about a cell?

A

cell size

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11
Q

In optical light scatter the side scatter (SS) will give what kind of cell information?

A

Granularity

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12
Q

Describe what happens in 5 part diffential

A

Cells sent through volume - conductivity - scatter (VCS) flow cell by hydrodynamic focusing. This method finds cell volume, physical and chemical components and determines [something]. It’s important in classifying mature cells and immature cells

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13
Q

What is platelet satellitosis?

A

In vitro phenomenon that occurs when blood is collected with EDTA. The specimen will have pseudothrombocytoopenia and high WBC count due to pseudoleukocytosis.

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14
Q

What are the possible solutions to platelet satellitosis?

A

Collect specimen in sodium citrate tube or
Perform WBC and platelet count on blue tube

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15
Q

Methylene blue dye stains what cell components?

A

Stains acidic cell components such as RNA or DNA.

Remember “Blue is basic”

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16
Q

Eosin Y dye stains…?

A

Stains basic cell components such as organelles (most proteins)

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17
Q

What is the purpose of absolute methanol in blood smear preparation?

A

Acts as a fixative to adhere cells to the glass slide

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18
Q

A smear is excessively blue or dark…. Potential causes could be?

A

Prolonged staining
Inadequate washing
Thick Blood smear
Too. Alkaline. Stain and/or buffer

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19
Q

A smear is excessively pink or light in stain…potential causes could be?

A

Insufficient staining
Prolonged washing
Too high an acidity of stain and/or buffer

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20
Q

A blood smear has precipitate in it… potential causes could be?

A

Unclean slides
Drying during staining process
inadequate filtration of stain

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21
Q

If a patient has an MCV below 80 fL, what would be observed in the blood smear and what is associated with these kinds of RBCs?

A

Microcyte would be observed. This is associated with
1. Iron Deficiency anemia
2. Sideroblastic anemia
3. Thalassemia minor
4. Chronic disease (occasionally)
5. Lead poisoning
6. Hemoglobinopathies (some)

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22
Q

A patient has an MCV over 100 fL. What kind of RBCs would be observed in a blood smear? What conditions are associated with these kinds of RBCs?

A

Macrocytes.
1. Liver disease
2. Vitamin B12 deficiency
3. Folate deficiency
4. Neonates

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23
Q

A patient’s CBC results shows an RDW greater than 14.5%. What does this suggest and what is associated with this kind of RBC?

A

Suggest a dimorphic population of RBCs.
Associated with transfusion, myelodysplastic syndrom, folate or iron deficiencies that is early in treatment process

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24
Q

A patient has an MCHC below 32 g/dL or 32%. This suggest what kind of RBC might appear? What is associated with this kind of RBC?

A

Hypochromic RBCs.
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemias
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
Some cases of chronic inflammation

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25
Q

The presence of blue to salmon color RBCs are what? What conditions are associated with these RBCs?

A

Polychromatic RBCs or polychromasia.
Associated with acute and chronic hemorrhage.
Hemolysis
Effective treatment for anemia
Neonates

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26
Q

RBCs that have irregularly spaced projections that vary in length, and number. What are these cells called and what is associated with it?

A

Acanthocytes or spur cells
Associated with…
Abetalipoproteinemia
Severe liver disease
Splenectomy
Malabsorption
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin E deficiency

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27
Q

RBCs that have short and evenly spaced projections are called? What are these RBCs associated with?

A

Burr cells, echinocytes, or crenated cells
Associated with…
Uremia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Neonates (premature!!!)
Artifacts

28
Q

RBCs that look spherical or round under the microscope with no central pallor. What are these RBCs? What is associated with them?

A

Spherocytes! Associated with…
Hereditary spherocytosis
Some hemolytic anemias
Transfused cells
Severe burns

29
Q

RBCs, that look like targets. What are they and what is associated with them?

A

Target cells or codocytes
They are associated with…
Hemoglobinopathies
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Splenectomy
Obstructive liver disease

30
Q

RBCs that are elongate on each end sometimes forming a curve shape or S. They are composed of hemoglobin S. What RBCs is being described? What conditions are associated with it?

A

Sickle cell or drepanocyte
They are associated with homozygous hemoglobin S disease

31
Q

An RBC that usually has 1 crystal per cell and composed of hemoglobin C. What RBCs are being described and what conditions are associated with them?

A

Hemoglobin C crystals! They are associated with homozygous hemoglobin C disease

32
Q

RBCs with 1 - 2 fingerlike projections (that are crystals) is what kind of RBC? What disease is associated with these kind of RBCs?

A

They are called hemoglobin SC crystals. They are associated with hemoglobin SC disease.

33
Q

RBCs with slit like openings at the area of central pallor are called? What is associated with them?

A

Stomatocytes associated with…
Hereditary stomatocytosis
Alcoholism
Liver disease
Rh null phenotype
Artifact

34
Q

RBCs that are cigar shaped are…?
RBCs that are egg-shaped are…?
Both are associated with what kind of condition?

A

Cigar shaped - Elliptocyte
Egg shaped - Ovalocyte
Both are associated with….
Hereditary elliptocytosis or ovalocytosis
Thalassemia major
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia - oval macrocytes
Myelopthisic anemias

35
Q

RBCs that are tear drop shapes are called? They are associated with…?

A

Dacryocytes or teardrop cells are associated with…
Myelofibrosis w/ myeloid metaplasia
Thalassemias
Myelophthisic anemias
other causes of extramedullary hematopoiesis

36
Q

Fragmented RBCs are called…? What is associated with these kind of RBCs?

A

Schistocyte or schizocyte are associated with….
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (DIC)
Severe burns
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Renal graft rejection

37
Q

Stacked RBCs are called? What is associated with this?

A

Rouleaux is associated with increased concentrations of globulins and/or paraproteins

38
Q

Clumping of erythrocytes with no outlines of individual cells is a sign of what on a blood smear?

A

Autoagglutination. Shows antigen/antibody reaction occurred.

39
Q

Hyposegmented neutrophils are associated with…?

A

Pelger-Huet anomaly
Myeloproliferative or
Myelodysplastic disorders

40
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils are associated with…?

A

6 or or lobed…
Megaloblastic anemias
Chronic infection
Hereditary - rare

41
Q

Presence of vacuoles in WBCs is associated with…

A

Bacterial or fungal infection
Poisoning
Burns
Chemotherapy
Artifact

42
Q

Dohle bodies are associated with?

A

Bacterial infection
Poisoning
Burns
Chemotherapy
May-Hegglins anomaly
Pregnancy

43
Q

Toxic granulation in WBCs are associated with…?

A

Bacterial infection
Poisoning
Burns
Chemotherapy
Pregnancy
G-CSF therapy

44
Q

Decrease number or absence of specific granules is a sign of…? What conditions are associated with this event?

A

Degranulation or agradnulation
Associated with infection or Myelodysplastic syndrome

45
Q

Fused primary granules; that can be red in color is…?

A

Auer rods. They are associated with acute leukemia in leukemic myeloblasts and promyelocytes - FAB M1 to M6

46
Q

MCV under 80 fL suggests the presence of

A

Microcytic RBCs aka Microcytes

47
Q

What is associated with microcytic RBCs

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemia minor
Chronic disease disease (occasionally)
Lead poisoning
Hemoglobinopathies (some)

48
Q

MCV over 100 fL suggests the presence of …

A

Macrocytic RBCs aka Macrocytes

49
Q

What is associated with macrocytic RBCs?

A

Liver disease
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Neonates

50
Q

RDW % over 14.5 percent suggests

A

Anisocytosis and possibly dimorphic population of RBCs.

51
Q

What diseases / conditions are associated with an RDW over 14.5%

A

Transfusion
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Folate or iron deficiencies; early in treatment process

52
Q

MCHC under 32 g/dL or 32% suggests what kind of RBC will be present?

A

Hypochromia

53
Q

What conditions are associated with hypochromia?

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemias
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
Some cases of chronic inflammation

54
Q

What cell is blue to salmon color reflecting residual RNA?

A

Polychromasia

55
Q

What conditions or diseases would have polychromasia?

A

Acute and chronic hemorrhage
hemolysis
Effective treatment for anemia
Neonates

56
Q

What cells have irregularly spaced projections that vary in width, length, and number; usually dense?

A

Acanthocytes or spur cells

57
Q

What conditions/diseases are associated with acanthocyte / spur cells?

A

Abetalipoproteinemia
Severe Liver disease
Splenectomy
Malabsorption
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin E deficiency

58
Q

What kind of cells have burr-like erythrocyte with short, evenly spaced projections?

A

Burr cells, echinocyte, or crenated cell

59
Q

What is associated with burr cell, echinocyte, or crenated cell?

A

Uremia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Neonates (especially premature)
artifact

60
Q

What kind of cells are round with no central pallor zone?

A

Spherocytes

61
Q

What conditions / diseases are associated with spherocytes?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis
Some hemolytic anemias
Transfused cells
Severe burns

62
Q

What is t he name of cells that look like targets?

A

Target cells

63
Q

What is associated with target cells?

A

Hemoglobinopathies
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Splenectomy
Obstructive liver disease

64
Q

What is the name of the cells that are elongated with points on each end. They may be curved or s-shaped and composed of hemoglobin S?

A

Sickle cells or drepanocytes

65
Q

What is associated with drepanocytes?

A

Homozygous hemoglobin S disease

Hematology 2 Summer 2023 (13 decks)

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