CBC 1

Question 1

WBC

Answer 1

4.0-9.0*109/L
↑-Leukocytosis ↓-leukopenia

Question 2

RBC

Answer 2

RBC 3.8-5.3*1012/l
HIGH RBC COUNT - polycythaemia↑ Dehydration, Pulmonary disease, Kidney or other tumour that produces excess erythropoietin , Smoking Genetic causes (altered oxygen sensing, abnormality in haemoglobin oxygen release) Polycythaemia vera, high altitude, congenital heart disease, copd
LOW RBC COUNT – anaemia↓
Acute or chronic bleeding RBC destruction (e.g., haemolytic anaemia, aplastic anemia.) Nutritional deficiency (e.g., iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) Bone marrow disorders or damage Chronic inflammatory disease
Kidney failure, pregnancy

Question 3

HGB

Answer 3

110-150 g/l
↓ anemia
↑ polycythemia

Question 4

HCT

Answer 4

36-47% ↑-haemoconcentration, ↓- haemodilution, packed cell volume

Question 5

MCV

Answer 5

80-100fl
Average volume of RBC, Hct/RBC=MCV
Macrocytosis – Reticulocytosis, folate or B12 deficiency
Microcytosis – Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, anemia of chronic diseases, Hemolytic anemia, Hereditary spherocytosis, Lead Poisoning

Question 6

MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

Answer 6

27-34pg
Average mass of hemoglobin per RBC Hgb/RBC=MCH

↑alcoholism, folate & B12 deficiency, liver disease, hemochromatosis

↓sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic diseases, thalassemia

Question 7

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

Answer 7

32-36g/dl Concentration of Hgb in a volume of RBC
Hgb /Hct ≈ MCHC
↑Hyperchromic- hereditary sperocytosis, hemolysis, sickle cell disease
↓ sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic diseases, thalassemia.

Question 8

RDW-CV (red cell distribution width)

Answer 8

11.6-14.8
A measurement of variation in RBC size or volume.

Anisocytosis (large variation) vit b12 deficiency, folate deficiency, iron deficiency, hemolytic anemia, RBC fragmentation, Liver diseases

Question 9

GR

Answer 9

GR 39-64%
↑-inflammatory response or irritating factors(trauma, blood loss, intoxication)

Question 10

LYM

Answer 10

30-50%
3TYPES- T cells (Helper(helps other cells to activate and mature), Cytotoxic(destroy cells infected with virus), Memory(memory of antigen of past infections)), B cells(plasma- antibody production, Memory-remember pat infections), NK cells()
Lymphocytosis ↑ sign of chronic infection with additional production of immunoglobulins eg: tuberculosis, leukemia’s, adrenal insufficiency
Lymphocytopenia (↓)-HIV destroys T cells (CD4+), Aplastic anemia, SLE, RA, glucocorticoids.