CB I Flashcards
Cellular Constituents
- Organelles
- Inclusions
- Cytosol
Fatty Liver - is reversible
- Excessive accumulation of lipid was due to injury by alcohol
- Hepatocytes have a signet ring appearance as fat displaces the nucleus to the cell’s periphery
- Can also be non alcoholic fatty liver
Carotene
- Fat soluble orange colored pigment found in carrots, squash, and sweet potatoes
- Responsible for yellow/orange color of white fat
- Carotenemia, reversible condition
Anthracosis
- Accumulation of carbon particles in lungs + regional lymph nodes
- Not a harmful condition
- Inhaled dust, macrophages in the lungs phagocytize the dust
Tattoo pigments
- Macrophages of dermis store the pigment
- dye becomes permanent in this location via endocytosis of macrophages
Henosidein - iron storage pigment
- Increase deposition of hemosiderin in tissues + organs is termed hemosiderosis
- Hemosidosis = increase absorption of iron in diet, impaired use of iron by the body, hemolytic anemias, transfusions
- Hemochromatosis - more severe accumulation of iron due to genetic defect resulting in excessive iron absorption or transfusion
- Hemosiderosis = benign condition
- Hemochromatosis will cause damage
- Hemosiderin + congestive heart failure - macrophages (heart failure cells)
Bilirubin
- Elevated in liver + bilary disease
- Increase in bilirubin leads to Icterus/Jaundice
Yellow, brown pigment - Skin + sclera appear yellow
Endogenous forms of melanin location
- Supranuclear location of melanin is located here to protect genetic apparatus from sunlight + radiation
- [For Eumelanin] - Brownish coloration
- Acts as a shield against UV rays
Endogenous forms of melanin Pheomelanin
- Responsible for red hair color
- Not protective against UV rays
Lipofucin - Lipochrome pigment, cardiac muscle cell
- Yellow, brown, insoluble pigment
- Wear + tear
- Polymer of lipids + phospholipids complexed with proteins
- Accumulation is a measure of oxidative stress
- Accumulates in lung liver cells [cardiomyocytes + nerons] aging pigment
Nuclear Inclusion - CMV inclusion body
- Hepatocyte with large intranuclear inclusion body (dark blue)
- Surrounded by a clear halo
- Dark punctiform inclusions are also seen into the cytoplasm
- H+E stain
Plasmalemma
- selective passage, small mcls can just go right through
- lipid bilayer
- proteins [integral and peripheral]
- trilaminar appearance
- heads are polar can interact with stuff
- tails are nonpolar
- cholesterol between heads and tails which helps to stabilize the lipid bilayer
lipid bilayer
phospholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol
cellular constituents
organelles
inclusions
cytoplasmic matrix/cytosol
organelles
- structural elements that confer functional attributes to the cell
- membranous and non membranous organelles
cytoplasm
part of the cell external to the nucleus, suspends organelles and inclusions
cytoplasmic matrix
portion of cytoplasm devoid of organelles and inclusions
inclusions
non-living entities found in cytoplasm and nucleus, characterized as stored food, pigments, or crystalline , not membrane bound
stored foods
[inclusion]
-glycogen: liver and striated muscle cells, PAS reaction
-fat lipid droplets: adipocytes, hepatocytes, muscle, steroid secreting cells, accumulation in lipid storage diseases and fatty liver
McArdle Disease
glycogen storage disease
defect in muscle phosphorylase
accumulations of glycogen in sarcolemma
cramping, exercise intolerance, elevated myoglobin
pigments
exogenous endogenous bilirubin melanin lipofuscin
exogenous pigments
- carotene: fat soluble pigment, yellow orange color, carotinemia
- inhaled dust particles: macrophages phagocyotize the dust
- tattoo pigments stored in macrophages
anthracosis
accumulation of carbon particles in the lungs and regional lymph nodes, harmless condition
endogenous pigments
- hemoglobin: cyanosis and myoglobin
- hemosiderin: iron containing pigment, brown, found in macrophages of spleen and liver
Hemosiderosis
increased deposition of hemosiderin in tissues and organs , seen with increased absorption of iron in diet, impaired use of iron by the body, hemolytic anemias
Hemachromatosis
more severe accumulation of iron due to a genetic defect resulting in excessive iron absorption or transfusion
bilirubin
yellow brown pigment
elevated in liver and biiary disease
skin and sclera are yellow= Jaundice/Icterus
Eumelanin
type of melanin
located in the epidermins and pigment layer of retina
increased production in response to UV radiation and addisons disease due to increase in ACTH
Neuromelanin
type of melanin
black brown pigment found in neurons and substantia niagra
neuroprotective function
depigmentation of dopamingergic cells in Parkinsons
Pheomelanin
type of melanin
red pigment
is NOT protective against UV radiation
lipofuscin
brown-yellow pigment, wear & tear, aging pigment
accumulates in long lived cells like neurons and cardiac & skeletal muscle cells
accumulation measure cellular stress
crystalline inclusions
found in Leydig and Sertoli cells
- crystal of Reinke [leydig]
- crystal of Charcot-Bottcher [sertoli]
