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Cell Bio Exam 1 > CB 5 > Flashcards

CB 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

MERRF- Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fiber

A
  • red appearing mitochondria
  • Gomori trichrome stain
  • ragged red fiber appearance to muscle fiber
  • parking lit inclusion in mitochondrion
  • symptoms: myoclonus, seizures, ataxia
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2
Q

functions of perioxisomes

A
  • b oxidation of free fatty acids
  • plasmalogen synthesis
  • regulate H2O2
  • kill pathogens
  • oxidize EtOH
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3
Q

Zellweger syndrome

A

impaired import of enzymes into peroxisomes, defective import protein on the unit membrane of the peoxisome

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4
Q

cytoskeletal elements

A
  • microtubules

- filaments

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5
Q

Filaments

A
  • actin= thin
  • intermediate
  • myosin= thick
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6
Q

kinesine

A

microtubule motor

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7
Q

botulinum toxin

A

works by proteolysis of SNARE proteins

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8
Q

coated vesicles

A

clathrin
COPII
COPI

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9
Q

COPII

A

anterograde transport from ER to cis golgi network

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10
Q

COPI

A

retrograde transport from cis golgi network aka CGN

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11
Q

retrograde transport is needed for….

A

returning membrane v SNARE proteins and missorted ER proteins back to the ER

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12
Q

Vesicle snare [vsnare]

A

recognize target SNAREs

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13
Q

SNARE proteins

A

allow vesicle to recognize its target domain

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14
Q

Tetanus and Botulism

A

enter nerve terminals and proteolyze SNARE proteins, prevents vesicles containing neurotransmitters to release them

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • acidophillic organelle
  • located in areas of high metabolic activity
  • erythrocytes don’t have any mitochondria
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16
Q

Composition of mitochondria

A
  • mainly protein
  • lipid
  • small amts of RNA and mtDNA
  • *most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized by free polyribosomes in the cytoplasm and are actively transported in by translocator proteins
17
Q

Outer membrane of mitochondria

A
  • fairly permeable, large channel forming proteins

- translocator protein

18
Q

Inner membrane of mitochondria

A
  • selectively permeable
  • decreased permeability due to presence of high conc of cardiolipin
  • contains enzymes for ETS
  • contains translocator proteins
19
Q

CO and Cyanide

A

block the ETS

20
Q

Intermembrane space of mitochondria

A

between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes

21
Q

shelf like cristae

A

located in mitochondria

seen in hepatocytes and cardiac/skeletal muscle

22
Q

tubular cristae

A

found in:

steroid secreting cells

23
Q

intracristal space

A

is continuous with the intermembrane space

24
Q

Mitochondrial Maxtrix composition

A

enzymes for Krebs cycle
enzymes for fatty acid b oxidation
matrix granules

25
Q

Cytochrome c

A

release of this activates the apoptotic mechanism

26
Q

mutations in mitochondrial DNA

A

-diabetes, deafness, heart disease, alzheimers, parkinsons, LHON

27
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • contain oxidative enzymes for fatty acids
  • catalase: forms water and oxygen from hydrogen peroxide
  • oxidation of ingested ethanol
  • synthesis of plasmalogens!
28
Q

lipitor

A

leads to increased uptake of triglycerides and cholesterol, causes an increase in peroxisomes

29
Q

plasmalogen defects

A

lead to abnormalities of myelination in nerve cells

30
Q

Drugs that inhibit polymerization of microtubules

A

colchine, vinblastine, vincristine

31
Q

Taxol

A

inhibits depolymerization of microtubules

32
Q

Functions of microtubules:

A
  • support to the cytoplasm for cell shape
  • organelle support
  • cell division
  • motility of cilia and flagella
  • long range transport of vesicles by microtuble motor proteins
33
Q

Microtubule motors

A
  • kinesin

- dyein

34
Q

Kinesin

A
  • motor towards the periphery
  • defect causes decrease transport of serotonin receptors
  • may cause anxiety disorders
35
Q

Dynein

A

motor that goes towards the nucleus from positive to negative end

Cell Bio Exam 1 (9 decks)

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