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Cell Bio Exam 1 > CB 3 > Flashcards

CB 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocytosis

A

5 pathways

  • macropinocytosis
  • clathrin mediated endocytosis
  • non coated mediated endocytosis
  • caveolae mediated endocytosis
  • phagocytosis
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2
Q

macropinocytosis

A

occurs in thyroid cells as they take up thyroglobulin and dendritic cells

  • actin based process
  • nonspecific ingestion of fluids and solutes
  • triggered by bacteria
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3
Q

clathrin mediated endocytosis

A

occurs at clathrin coated pits, dynamin is required to pinch of the vesicle, can be mediated by receptors or not

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4
Q

cholesterol

A

taken up by clathrin mediated endocytosis in the form of LDL

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5
Q

coated pits

A

clathrin mediated endocytosis

  • cargo receptors located here
  • adaptin associates
  • coated vesicles form and become quickly uncoated after formation
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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

occurs when there is a decrease or defect in the LDL receptor
(clathrin mediated endocytosis)

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7
Q

non coated mediated exocytosis

A

Shiga and Cholera toxins

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8
Q

phagocytosis

A
  • cell eating, ingestion of large particles via receptors
  • dependent on actin
  • doesn’t need clathrin
  • phagosomes
  • fuse with lysosomes
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9
Q

Secretion

A
  • exocytosis
  • porocytosis
  • exosomes
  • exsosome like vesicles
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10
Q

exocytosis

A

bulk secretion

sectretion of cellular synthetic products like proteins, enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

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11
Q

secretory vesicles

A

perform in exocytosis
formed by the golgi, fuse with plasma membrane
in charge of intracellular trafficking

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12
Q

2 pathways of exocytosis

A

constitutive

regulated

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13
Q

constitutive exocytosis

A

continous secretory processes, secretory product is not stored in secretory granules

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14
Q

regulative exocytosis

A

secretory product is stored in secretory vesicles until a signal causes the product to be secreted

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15
Q

porocytosis

A

involved with secretion

release of neurotransmitters

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16
Q

exosomes & vesicles

A
  • secretory products are released into the extracellular environment
  • discard unneeded membrane proteins
  • some tumors release exosomes and may represent a biomarker
17
Q

ribosomes

A

basophillic
involved in protein synthesis
occur as: indv granules, polyribosomes that can be free or attached
NOT found in mature erythrocytes

18
Q

free polyribosomes

A

polysomes
mRNA + ribosomes
protein synthesis for use in the cell
hemoglobin, mitochondrial proteins, peroxisomal proteins

19
Q

rough ER

A

membranous, basophillic
intracellular network of cisternae
continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope that is studded with ribosomes

20
Q

polyribosomes involved with Co translational translocation

A

attached to rER, translocation of growing polypeptide chains

  • signal recognition polypeptide
  • signal recognition particle and SRP receptor
  • protein translocator
  • *post translational translocation requires chaperone proteins
21
Q

Post Translational Functions

A
  • synthesis of proteins for secretion, membrane proteins, and lysosomal proteins
  • synthesis of enzymes assosciated with sER
  • modification of proteins like adding carbs to make glycoproteins
22
Q

ER stress

A

accumulation of unfolded misfolded proteins in the ER cisterna

23
Q

Unfolded protein response

A

1- chaperone protein synthesis increases
2-decreased synthesis of proteins
3- misfolded proteins are exported from ER to cytosol and then get degraded by proteasomes
4- caspases are activated which leads to apoptosis

24
Q

alpha antitrypsin deficiency

A

AAT- mutant protein aggregates in ER

25
Q

Targeting signals

A
  • sequences of amino acids in the protein

- direct proteins to their target compartments by binding to receptors that are specific to organelles

26
Q

smooth ER

A

lacks polyribosomes, acidophillic, continuous with rER, cisternae are more tubular

27
Q

functions of smooth ER

A
  • cholesterol homeostasis via HMG coa reductase
  • steroid synthesis
  • phospholipid synthesis
  • glycogenolysis
28
Q

von gierke disease

A

defect of glucose 6 phosphatase or glucose 6 transporter

symptoms: liver enlargement, hypoglycemia, increased lactate

29
Q

ethanol ingestion

A

increases the sER volume and cytochrome p450 enzymes which leads to a greater rate of its detoxification

30
Q

syntheis of phospholipids

A

occurs on cytosolic lipid monolayer

phospholipid translocators catalyze the flip flop of phospholipids from one monolayer to the other

31
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

causes a rapid rise in body temp and muscle rigidity, mutant ryanodine 1 receptor, excessive movement of Ca from SR into the cytoplasm, SR-Ca pump

32
Q

***FUNCTIONS OF RER

A
  • synthesis of proteins for secretion, insertion into membranes, and lysosomal proteins
  • synthesis of sER enzymes
  • protein modification
  • cells actively involved with protein synthesized are well endowed with rER
33
Q

*****SMOOTH ER functions

A
  • steroid synthesis
  • cholesterol homeostasis
  • synthesis of phospholipids
  • detox of drugs
  • storage, release, uptake calcium ions in striated muscle

Cell Bio Exam 1 (9 decks)

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