Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

Question 1

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

step 1

Answer 1

cracks are widened in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion

Question 2

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

step 2

Answer 2

2. as the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave

Question 3

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

step 3

Answer 3

3. the cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch

Question 4

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

step 4

Answer 4

4. the base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea. this leaves a stack (an isolated column of rock)

Question 5

Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

step 5

Answer 5

5. the stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump