Causes of Civil War 1642 Flashcards
What was the Eireann Rebellion in 1641?
Puritans from England, Alba and Eire feared about the Native Irish and Old English
Catholics targeted the Ulster Prods and killed 3k
What did John Pym argue? Whom did he blame?
Popish plot conspiracy and blamed Charles and that the rebellion was a bigger and better proof of a royal role in a conspiracy
What did the Palace of Westminster do?
Had to be guarded by 100 men
What did the rebels claim?
Claimed that Charles sent a commission authorising them to take arms and did this away from Parliament’s eyes
What was the feeling around Charles and the army? What did this lead to?
He could not be trusted with the army and led to worse suspicions and further conflict
What was the Grand Remonstrance of 1641?
John Pym created this to make a detailed critique of the government of Charles
Contained grievances from 1626 with explanations of reforms and future actions
What did the moderates say about the Remonstrance?
Said that there was no point in dragging old complaints 15 years later.
Why did the King reject the Remonstrance?
He believed he should be able to appoint his own advisors
Why were the demands seen as extreme?
It was for the people and not for the King
What was the vote for the Remonstrance?
159-148
Why did the King reject it?
He wanted to defend the purity of the doctrine
What was the Attempted Arrest of the 5 MPs?
Atrocities in Eire was being spread in London - rape, roasting babies on spits etc
Apprentices and u/e called for no episcopacy
Sir Henry Vane gave high treason orders to Pym, Hampden, Holles, Hasdrig and Strode
What did Pym do?
Organised a rentamob and mobs fought the guards at the palace - tensions increased
What also increased?
Economic downturn
Who was Colonel Lunsford and what did he do?
King replaced the governor of the ToL with Lunsford
He was known to be a brutal but effective leader who was good at high tension
He only lasted 3 days because of this quality
What further unrest was created?
The return of 12 bishops to the House of Lords and they voided what had happened but later impeached
Why was Charles concerned for his family?
His wife was going to be impeached for conspiring to a popish plot
What did Charles offer Pym to stop it?
Chancellor of Exchequer
Why was this considered very odd and one of Charles’ biggest blunders - the Arrest as a whole
Why would you want a radical in charge of the finances of the country when they are the shooter.
Who was Sir Henry Vane
The Secretary of State
Why was it considered Charles’ fault?
Scots were justified to go into England because of the First and Second Bishops War
Why did the Speaker not help Charles?
He protected the identity of the 5 individuals and said that “the house could direct him”
What did the MPs shout after Charles left the Commons defeated?
Privilege
Why was it “Privilege”?
Because usually the King was never allowed to go into the Commons, although did not go into law after the Restoration
Why was this significant to how Charles was self-inflicting tensions?
He had to resort to force to get his own way and the example of Commons independence was breaking a fundamental law of UK government.
What was the aftermath to the 5 Arrested MPs?
Increase in fear and suspicions
Commons Council refused to surrender
A hostile mob surrounded Charles
Triumph and cheer when 5 members returned with crowds present.
King violated Parliamentary privilege
Lost control of the army
Opposition had to resort to force
Lords and Commons united
What bill was passed as the a part of the aftermath?
Militia Bill and the country was under martial law
Who was in command of the Militia?
The Lord Lt.
What was Impressment Bill 1642?
Eireann troops were commanded by Parliament to raise numbers.
Why did Charles betray himself?
He was too impatient and did not wait for a supporting party to go and arrest the radicals.
What was the Militia Ordinance?
Parliament was bombarded with petitions
Issued without King’s consent in March 1642
City of London gave loans and subsidies
Kign was supported because of this
Commons prevented Charles from accessing supplies at Hull - forbidden
What was the 19 Propositions?
Demanded the 2 houses should approve all advisors
Laws against Catholics and penal laws enforced
5 members were to be pardoned
Reform the church
Parliament to supervise the upbringing and marriage of royal children
What did Charles say about the 19P?
Laws subverted laws and constitution and destroy the balance between Commons, Lords and Crown
What did this result in?
More moderates going to Charles because of the draft by his advisors saying “Dark, equal chaos to confusion” etc
What did Charles issue to raise troops?
Commissions of Array
What did Charles’ wife do?
Go get troops in Europe
When did armies start training?
July 1642
What did the local authorities use?
Either the MO or CoA
What did the Roundheads say on 18th August?
Called Cavaliers traitors
What did Charles say on 22nd August?
Called them rebels.
