Causes and consequences

Question 1

Spatial Distribution

Answer 1

Arrangement of phenomenon across the Earth’s surface.

Question 2

Push Factors

Answer 2

Reasons people leave a country/state/suburb

Question 3

Pull Factors

Answer 3

Reasons people migrate/come to places to live

Question 4

Positive ECONOMIC consequences of urbanisation

Answer 4

• Better employment prospects and higher wages
• Urban businesses benefit from workers with a greater variety of skills
• Flow of goods and services

Question 5

Negative ECONOMIC consequences of urbanisation

Answer 5

• Gap between rich and poor has widened
• More people than jobs - becomes competitive
• Those with no jobs become homeless

Question 6

Positive SOCIAL consequences of urbanisation

Answer 6

• Government leaders plan effectively and consider urban areas’ diverse needs
• Accessibility to services - water, education, healthcare
• Share resources and bond as community

Question 7

Negative SOCIAL consequences of urbanisation

Answer 7

• Fertility rates drop
• Traditional concepts of family can change
• Social isolation
• Younger age groups migrate

Question 8

Positive ENVIRONMENTAL consequences of urbanisation

Answer 8

• Development of infrastructure e.g bridge from Hong Kong to mainland
• Access to new technologies
• Land area increase

Question 9

Negative ENVIRONMENTAL consequences of urbanisation

Answer 9

• Industrialisation - burning of fossil fuels
• Increase in air and water pollution
• Pressure on water and sewerage systems
• Traffic Congestion
• Deforestation - from land development and urban sprawl