Causes Flashcards
Causes of Sinus Tachycardia
Anaemia Sepsis Heart Failure Pulmonary Embolism Pregnancy Thyrotoxicosis CO2 retention Autonomic Neuropathy
Causes of Sinus Bradycardia
Physical fitness Vasovagal attacks Sick Sinus Syndrome Acute MI Hypothyroidism Increased ICP Cholestasis
Drugs Causing Sinus Bradycardia
B-blockers
Digoxin
Amiodarone
Verapamil
Causes of Atrial Fibrillation
Ischaemic Heart Disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Hypertension
Causes of 1st & 2nd degree Heart Block
Normal varient Athletes Sick Sinus Syndrome IHD Acute Carditis
Causes of 3rd Degree Heart Block
Idiopathic Congenital IHD Aortic Valve Calcification Cardiac Surgery / Trauma Digoxin Toxicity Infiltration
Q waves
Infarction
ST - elevation
Normal Variant Acute MI Prinzmetal's Angina Acute Pericarditis (saddle) Left ventricular aneurysm
ST - depression
Normal Variant Digoxin (down-ward sloping) Ischaemic (horizontal) Angina Acute Posterior MI
T wave inversion in V1-V3
Normal (Blacks and Children)
RBBB
Pulmonary Embolism
T wave inversion in V2 -V5
Subencardial MI
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
HCM
Lithium
T wave inversion in V4 -V6
Ischaemia
LVH
Assoc. with LBBB
Cause of Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Ischaemia = Atheroma Anaemia AS Tachyarrythmias
Arryhythmias - Cardiac Causes
MI & CAD LV aneurysm Mitral valve disease Cardiomyopathy Pericarditis Myocarditis
Arrhythmias - Non- Cardiac Causes
Caffeine
Smoking
Alcohol
Pneumonia
Arrhythmias - Drug Causes
B2- agonists Digoxin L-dopa Tricyclics Doxorubicin
Arrythmias - Metabolic Imbalance Causes
K+
Ca+
Mg+
Thyroid Disease
Rheumatic Fever Causes
Pharyngeal Infection with Group A B - haemolytic streptococci
