Causation issues

Question 1

V’s own actions/ escape attempts

Answer 1

Roberts- no break in chain of V’s actions are reasonable and foreseeable

Question 2

Bad medical treatment

Answer 2

Cheshire- if the original injuries inflicted by the defendant are still an operating and substantial cause of the result, the chain will not be broken

Question 3

V doesnt seek treatment

Answer 3

Holland- the victim is under no obligation to seek medical help, the chain will not be broken

Question 4

Acts of a third party

Answer 4

Pagett- “ as long as the defendant has made a contribution to the result the chain will not be broken and the defendant is still liable”

Question 5

Life support

Answer 5

Malcherick and Steel

Question 6

Thin skull rule

Answer 6

where a victim is suffering from a vulnerability which makes their injuries worse
Blaue “Defendant must take their victim as they find them, the chain of causation will not be broken”

Question 7

strict liability

Answer 7

crimes that require no mens rea, defendant guilty as long as they committed the actus reus, regardless of a guilty mind