Cattle derm Flashcards
what are your top two differentials with a pruritic cow?
parasites adn scrapie espce if has neuro signs (notifiable)
summaries the funal causes of skin disease in cattle. names, cause, signs, treatment
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis - Trichophyton verucosum)
* Commonly seen in young calves and often self-limiting (although may take months to resolve)
* Zoonotic
causes:
* Animals suffering from poor nutrition or immunosuppressed (BVD) are more likely to be affected.
* Can survive in buildings for many months - lesions often resolve once animals are turned out (UV light).
signs:
* Diagnosis based on clinical signs or microscopic evaluation of spores on hair plucks.
◦ small raised lesion up to10cm but can coalesce , around head and neck
* Treatment: may include topical enilconazole and/or vaccination (Rinavac - currently unavailable)
what are the main mites that affect cattle?
chorioptes mainly on tail head, self-limiting, also occasional rare cases of sarcoptic or psoroptic mange which are more severe
what are the two main conditions in cattle that ticks are vectors for?
tick borne fever and babesia
what are the two main conditions in cattle that files are a vector for?
Moraxella bovis and summer mastitis pathogens
what fly is notifiable in scotland?
warble fly
name the sucking lice species of cattle?
- Haematopinus spp. and Linognathus spp.
Linognathus vituli: - Around the head area
Haematopinus eurysternus: - Around the horns
name the biting lice species of cattle and the area it is normally found
- Damalinia spp
**Bovicola bovis: **
Most common
Chewing louse
Usually on the head
what is the treatmetn for lice in cattle?
- Pour-on synthetic pyrethroid preparation such as deltamethrin (sucking and biting lice)
- Pour-on group 3- macrocyclic lactones (ML) anthelmintics (ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin) (sucking and biting lice)
- **Injectable group 3-ML anthelmintics (ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin) will remove ** all sucking lice and >98% of biting lice,
All cattle in direct contact must be treated. Treat at start of winter housing period if cattle are at risk
what is the name for pink eye, waht is the cause and signs?
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivits IBK
Agent: the bacteriumMoraxella bovis
Vector: Face fly
Disease: 4 stages
Signs: corneal ulcers, oedema, lacrimation, opacity, epiphora
what are the stages of Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivits?
what is the treatment of Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivits?
- Antibiotics
◦ Routes; IM, SC, topical, subconjunctival - NSAIDs
no evidence to say that subconjunctival is better and is hard to do so IM better
what is the prevention of Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivits?
- Fly control with topical SP
◦ e.g. Permethrin - Biological control
◦ Friendly flies/parasitic wasps
what is the life cycle of the warble fly that affects cattle
Adult warble flies are hairy and about the size of a small bee with yellow/orange abdomens. They lay eggs on the hair of cattle in summer, larvae hatch and migrate into the skin then travel to the oesophagus and spinal cord where they lay dormant over winter. In spring they travel back under the skin, mature for around 30 days then drop off and pupate in the soil. The warble fly emerges around 36days later.
summarise onchocera that affects cattle
- Thin, white worms found in the eye of cattle
- Vectors: blackfly or cullicoides
- Ocular infection:
◦ ranging from acute oedematous necrosis to chronic granulomatous changes
◦ results in marked fibrosis and mineralization. - Treatment:
◦ Systemic ivermectin
◦ Anti-inflammatories - Not in the UK
what is the name of the two species of warble fly that affect cattle?
Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum
what is the treatment of warble fly in cattle?
OrganoPhosphates OP - 98% effective in autumn and less efficient in spring
what are the surface feedign mites that affect cattle?
Chorioptes spp. - most common, tail and legs
Psoroptes spp.
what are the burroing mites that affect cattle?
Sarcoptes spp.
Demodex spp.
what is the treatment for cattle surface mites?
Treatment is Permethrin (Synthetic pyrethroid) or pour on Macrocyclic lactones (injectable less effective).
what species of tick affects cattle in the england?
Ixodes ricinus
what species of tick affects cattle in coastal areas of wales?
Haemaphysalis punctate
what do the pathogens that are carried by tick do to the cattle?
parasitisise the RBCs
what are the two types of babesia spread by ticks?
Babesia bovis – Europe spread by Rhipicephalus sp.
Babesia divergens in Northern Europe spread by Ixodes ricinus, (causes disease in cattle, sometimes zoonotic).
what are the effects of babesia infection in cattle?
Cause pyrexia, severe haemolytic anaemia haemoglobinuria and potentially death of infected animals, commonly known as red water fever in cattle (red urine).
what are the controles of ticks that affect cattle?
Host Control
* Some pour on pyrethroids or MLs?
◦ none in the UK licensed for ticks in cattle
◦ Need to be reapplied at regular intervals - practical implications
◦ Impact on GI worms
Environment Control
* Active and start to feed in early spring
◦ start and duration difficult to predict precisely
‣ Avoid tick prone pastures if possible?
◦ Attempts to decrease tick population = pasture improvement
‣ drainage and scrub clearance
◦ Not able to use acaricide
what are the three aetiologies of photosensitisation in cattle?
iology
1. Direct photosensitisation occurs when the chemical comes from a defect in the animals metabolism of its red blood cells, or, more commonly, from plants such as St. John’s wort.
2. Secondary photosensitisation occurs in animals with liver damage. This damage interferes with the complete breakdown of chlorophyll, resulting in the accumulation of a photosensitive chemical.
3. Local photosensitivity can also result as a reaction to the sap of some plants.
what are the Clinical Signs of photosensitisation in cattle
- Non-pigmented skin affected
- Hair loss, reddening, peeling
- Ulceration of skin
- Crusting, bleeding
what is the treatment and prevention of photosensitsation in cattle?
Treatment
* Removal to cool shaded housing
* Fly control
* Supportive therapy
Prevention
Do not breed from animals with photosensitisation due to a genetic defect.
Identify and remove possible plant sources of photosensitising chemicals
