Category 2 Flashcards
Describe and illustrate the basic components of X-ray tube construction.
,
Describe and illustrate the line focus principle.
.
Describe and illustrate the heel effect and its implication for image quality
.
Explain the impact that generator waveform has on radiation output.
.
Distinguish between atomic ionisation and excitation.
.
Describe the coherent scattering interaction process.
.
Demonstrate knowledge of the process described by attenuation.
.
Describe the attenuation of monoenergetic and polychromatic radiation in terms of linear and mass attenuation
coefficients and HVLs
.
Demonstrate knowledge of the factors that impact on attenuation.
.
Distinguish between lossless and lossy images
.
Describe the key elements of PACS.
.
Describe the key factors that contribute to image quality for both film and softcopy reporting.
.
In the context of image intensifiers, describe what is meant by veiling glare and define limiting spatial resolution.
.
In DSA, describe the image processing operations such as edge enhancement and landmarking and processes
that may be used to reduce image noise such as frame integration
.
Define the LSF and MTF.
.
• Distinguish between quantum noise and other types of noise..
.
Explain the origin of image distortion arising from geometric effects.
.
Discuss the performance characteristics of X-ray mammography equipment.
.
Explain the impact of system geometry on spatial resolution.
.
Describe the effect of image processing on image quality
.
Describe key features of image reconstruction in CT Fluoroscopy
.
Describe the principle and relevance of Scanned Projection Radiography (SPR).
.
Describe key features of the concept of CT Fluoroscopy
.
Discuss the role of the Fourier Transform (FT) in MR image reconstruction.
.
Describe 2D-FT reconstruction methods in terms of the three time intervals (slice selection, phase encoding and
frequency encoding).
.
Compare the 3D-FT reconstruction technique with the 2D-FT method
.
Discuss the advantages of the Gradient Echo, Fast Spin Echo, Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) and other fast imaging
techniques
.
Explain the effects of preparatory inversion pulse on image contrast.
.
Compare and contrast fat suppression obtained by spectral, IR GRE and subtraction methods
.
Identify the biomolecular species which may be analysed in clinical MRS.
.
Describe the construction and mode of operation of gas-filled detectors.
.
Discuss the concept of pulse height analysis.
.
Explain the significance of the Poisson distribution in the characterisation of image noise
.
Describe the manufacturing processes used for the production of medical radioisotopes.
.
Demonstrate knowledge of some of the basic parameters which characterise a sound wave. Conduct simple
calculations relating to frequency, wavelength and relative intensity in decibels.
.
Describe details of the main physical parameters that characterise transducers, and their effect on the image.
.
escribe the basic principles of B-mode pulse-echo imaging.
,
Understand parameters such as pulse length, frequency, pulse repetition frequency and TGC affect the image.
.
Perform simple calculations using the Doppler shift equation and understand the concepts underlying spectral
analysis colour Doppler and power Doppler
.
Describe the basic principles of compound imaging.
.
Describe the basic principles of panoramic imaging.
.
Explain the factors which produce more complex artefacts such as aliasing and side lobes.
.
Explain the importance and application of the dose descriptors:
• DAPS
• CTDI
• DLP
.
Describe the principles and benefits of quality assurance in imaging.
.
Describe the physical principles of contrast agents used in radiology. Articulate in general terms how they
improve subject contrast.
.
Differentiate and contrast the use of iodine and barium agents in radiology examinations.
.
Describe the fundamental properties of MRI contrast agents. Articulate in general terms how they improve
contras
.
Describe the nature, function, and use of ultrasound contrast agents.
.
Articulate in general terms the safety issues involved in contrast agent use.
.
