categories and concepts

Question 1

categorization

Answer 1

we process oncoming stimuli by organizing them into categories, without categorization every experience would be completely unique

Question 2

functions of categorization

Answer 2

1. classification-treat objects that appear differently as belonging together
2. understanding- the intentions of a situation
3. predicting- done by comparing current situation to similar experience in memory
4. communication- using specific words to describe ideas efficiently

Question 3

illusion of the expert

Answer 3

feeling a task must be easy because it is simple for oneself

Question 4

rules

Answer 4

don’t sufficiently explain categorization

Question 5

prototype theory

Answer 5

categorize objects by comparing them to an internal “best” representation of a given category -categorize new objects by comparing them to your existing prototypes

• responding very quickly to familiar members
• cannot explain why internal representations change over time

Question 6

prototype

Answer 6

formed through experience

Question 7

exemplar theory

Answer 7

categorize objects by comparing them to every previously stored experience in a given category

• instead of storing only 1 category prototype, you store your entire lifetime worth of experiences
• can explain why we respond quicker to things; its due to the amount of exemplars that exist of a particular object

Question 8

development of categorization

Answer 8

• children as young as 3 are able to understand general categories
• members of same categories share similar characteristics
• children don’t learn general categories until 3 or 4

Question 9

animal categorization

Answer 9

• most experts conclude that a true demonstration of language has yet to be shown
• the present experiments provide evidence that basic categorization systems exist in non human animals

Question 10

conceptual problem solving

Answer 10

• strategy writing
• 1 column solutions
  1. forcing the justify categorization of problems
  2. teaching the concepts improves outcomes

Question 11

traditional problem solving

Answer 11

-standard one- column solutions