Cataracts

Question 1

What are cataracts?

Answer 1

A progressively opaque lens that reduces the amount of light entering the eye

Question 2

What are the risk factors for cataracts?

Answer 2

Increasing age
Smoking
Alcohol
Diabetes
Steroids
Hypocalcaemia

Question 3

What is the role of the lens?

Answer 3

To focus light onto the back of the retina

Question 4

What is the lens held in place by?

Answer 4

The lens is held in place by suspensory ligaments attached to the ciliary body

Question 5

How does the lens change shape?

Answer 5

The ciliary body contracts, which releases tension on the suspensory ligaments and the lens thickens

When the ciliary body relaxes, it tenses the suspensory ligaments, and the lens thins

Question 6

What is the presentation of cataracts?

Answer 6

Asymmetrical presentation of:
- Slow reduction in visual acuity
- Progressive blurring of the vision
- Colours becoming more faded, yellow or brown
- Starburst can appear around lights

Question 7

What is the management of cataracts?

Answer 7

Conservative management if symptoms are not bothersome
Cataract surgery

Question 8

What does cataract surgery involve?

Answer 8

Drilling into and breaking the lens, removing the pieces, and implanting and artificial lens