Case Study Of One Country/Region Impacted By Structural Economic Change Flashcards
Which region has been impacted by structural economic change?
Birmingham
Who were the first players?
The de Birmingham family
What did the de Birmingham’s purchase in 1166?
A charter to hold a market from King Henry 2
What did the growth of trade lead to Birmingham being known as?
the Black county
What sort of products did Medieval Birmingham create?
Non-agricultural
Blades and swords
What was Birmingham’s population in the early 1700s?
15,000
Why did population grow during the industrial revolution?
Migration from rural areas in search of employment
Birmingham was a hub of trade networks during the Industrial Revolution because of what? Who created?
Canals
James Bridely
Who developed state of the art manufacturing in the Industrial Revolution?
Matthew Boulton
What steam powered production line did Boulton create?
Coin making
Who patented the steam engine?
James Watt
What percentage of employment was in metals during the first half of the 20th century?
50%
What industries developed in the first half of the 20th century?
Engineering
How many people did Dunlop tyre company employ in the first half of the 20th century?
10,000
What chemical industry developed in the first half of the 20th century?
Bakelite
What sort of housing was there in the first half of the 20th century?
Terraced housing for workers squeezed between factories
What did a developing middle class lead to in the first half of the 20th century? (3)
Commuting
Urban expansion
Outward growth
What transport innovations came in the first half of the 20th century? (3)
Trams
Suburban railways
Buses
Cars
Where was high density low quality housing in the first half of the 20th century?
Inner city areas
Aston
Handsworth
What had years of industrial activity done to the environment?
Land sites, canals and rivers polluted
Air pollution not controlled
When was there a global recession?
1970s
What is the population now?
Over 2 million
How much did OPEC increase oil prices by?
$3 to $12
Why was British car manufacturing declining?
Japanese companies were seen as more reliable and better value for money
What are two Japanese car brand examples?
Nissan
Toyota
What kind of strikes were frequent in the 1970s?
Car industry labour strikes
What was the effect of 1970s strikes?
Birmingham was less attractive to investors
What kind of businesses had made up the inner city manufacturing industry?
SMEs
What happened to SMEs premises? (2)
Slum clearance by the local authority
New purpose built premises rent was too high for start up businesses
What did the national and local government establish regarding post war housing?
Green belt to restrict outward expansion
Which areas were of increased value for housing post-war? Why?
Solihull
Knowle
Adjacent to green belt with good connections to city centre
How many sub-standard houses were built immediately after the war?
110,000
How many homes had been destroyed in the war?
5000
Which region was cleared of residential land use post-war?
CBD
What did the economy shift to post-war?
Services (banking; law)
What have the International Airport and National Exhibition Centre attracted?
International conference
Exhibition market
Name two national government schemes that help people access funding for redevelopment
City Challenge
Single Regeneration Budget
What was set up in 1992 to regenerate old industrial areas?
The Birmingham Heartlands Corporation
Who provided broadband in inner cities and work experience?
New Deal for Communities
How much money has been secured from the EU Social Investment Fund?
$235 million
Who has funded projects improving insulation in run down social housing and building small premises for start-up SMEs?
European Regional Development Fund
Which flagship development is home to City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra?
International Convention Centre
Which flagship development contributes to Birmingham’s status as one of the country’s leading retail centres?
Bullring Centre
What is the combined university population?
50,000
What is the government’s flagship transport development? How much and who?
HS2
High speed railway linking Birmingham to London (50 mins)
£20 billion
Govs/National Trust/Banks/TNCs
Who guides development in the city until 2031?
Birmingham Development Plan (BDP)
What type of population is there now?
Youthful
What is the largest age band now?
15-30
What percentage are migrants now?
44%
Why do people migrate there?
Diverse job opportunities
