Case Study: Cornwall Flashcards
What are the main reason for the deprivation in the area?
The main reason for deprivation in rural areas is their remoteness.
Remote rural areas are described as the periphery, and are poorly served by transport infrastructure. They are a long way from core markets, and job opportunities are fewer. There are some benefits- peripheral areas can be cheaper to live in- but they often suffer depopulation as young people leave to find better jobs.
Give some statistics about lack of services in rural areas?
In the UK, 99% of areas which suffer from a lack of services are rural
Visiting a Post Office is now more than a 2 km trip for 1 out of 15 rural households.
72% of UK villages don’t have a village shop
39% of households in rural areas live over 2 km from a cash point
Only 14% of rural parishes have a doctor’s surgery, and 29% of all rural settlements have no bus services.
What problems with the tourist economy caused the deprivation?
The jobs are mainly seasonal, part-time and poorly paid.
The visitor numbers vary between seasons and depend a lot on the weather.
Only 33% of the profits from tourism stays in Cornwall- the rest ‘leaks’ out of the county, e.g going to national hotel and pub chains.
Why is the farming sector in decline?
Falling farm prices, as supermarkets seek the lowest prices from their suppliers.
Importing food from overseas, where wages and costs are lower.
Withdrawing EU subsidies, which has led to a rapid and accelerating decline.
Why is the fishing sector in decline?
EU quotas have allocated fish supplies to other European countries.
The decline in overall fish stocks caused by overall overfishing.
Why is the mining sector in decline?
The exhaustion of the tin reserves in Cornwall.
A collapse in tin prices caused by overseas competition.
The strength of the pound has made UK tin more expensive to buy overseas.
Why is the quarrying sector in decline?
The St Austell area has some of the world’s best china reserves. However, fewer and larger quarries, using technology rather than people to extract the clay, has resulted in cutbacks in the workforce.
Why does Cornwall need rebranding?
Core and Periphery Theory
Infrastructure i.e. 5 hours’ drive time to London.
An ageing (regressive) population is being created due to retirement migration to coastal locations and rising second home ownership creating a lack of affordable housing for locals.
Deprivation caused by lower wages
Lack of rural services.
Lack of a threshold population to sustain such services.
How was Cornwall funded?
Rural rebranding schemes in Cornwall funded by Objective one.
It was rebranded with the title ‘cool Cornwall’. They needed to create jobs and attract inwards investment. They did this by creating a number of flagship projects, this is called clustering. Meaning you can visit for a week for example, instead of just a day.
What flagship projects were introduced?
Extreme sports academy- Watergate bay
Jamie Oliver’s fifteen restaurant- trains local young people from disadvantaged backgrounds in catering skills, therefore encouraging social inclusion.
Investment in Arts, culture and industrial heritage- attract tourists- e.g Tate St Ives.
The National Maritime Museum, Falmouth.
The expansion Newquay Airport- get to london quickly- helps businesses.
Facts to show improvements in culture?
Survey carried out before 2002 by the Guardian estimated that 1% of the population associate Cornwall with arts and culture, after 2002 this rose to 93%.
