case study coastal management- Formby point

Question 1

location

Answer 1

-Sefton coast
-Northwest England

Question 2

challenges faced by the coast

Answer 2

• coastal squeeze, beach gets smaller by 4m per year
• 30m lost off the front of the front the sand dunes in the 2013/14 storms

Question 3

erosion of the Formby sand dunes

Answer 3

• no rocks on the shoreline to shelter from wind, water and human activity

Question 4

ways the dunes have become more stable

Answer 4

-allowing vegetation to grow
-pine trees planted
-sea defences eg. rock armour built

Question 5

impacts of recreation

Answer 5

-walking, horse-riding, 4WD veichles
-popular holiday spot in the 60s and 70s
- visitor access now monitored and controlled
- no off road vehicles permitted

Question 6

issues with pine plantations in the 1900s

Answer 6

-reduction of dune species
-canopy blocks out sun light that other plants need to grow
-deposition of acidic needles changes the composition of the soil

Question 7

key features of SMPs

Answer 7

• consider the entire coastal environment
  -planned on different time scales, short, medium and long
  -involve all stakeholders eg, gov and local communities

Question 8

ICZM key features