case study- coast beyond the UK

Question 1

Where are the Sundarbans?

Answer 1

• Bangladesh
• Ganges Delta

Question 2

Landscape of the Sundarbans

Answer 2

• mangrove forest
• dense foliage
• brackish
  -low oxygenated water
• one of the largest carbon sinks
• largest mangrove

Question 3

How have mangroves adapted to survive in the area

Answer 3

tall roots to help reach surface for oxygen

Question 4

animals

Answer 4

• 3/4 of tropical fish born here- roots protect them
• endangered Bengal tiger
  -crocodiles

Question 5

how do mangroves help coral reefs

Answer 5

• remove toxins from water
• purify water

Question 6

how do mangroves help costal erosion

Answer 6

• shelter from extreme weather
  -established mangrove section can reduce the force of a tsunami by 90 per cent
• trap sediment, stabilising the shoreline

Question 7

threats to mangroves

Answer 7

-agriculture
-land
-lumber

Question 8

how do mangroves survive the salinity and low oxygen?

Answer 8

-excrete salt through their leaves
-roots are shallow and partly exposed to the air, allowing them to breath in a low oxygen environment

Question 9

size of the Sundarbans

Answer 9

10, 000 km

Question 10

cyclone Aila

Answer 10

-2009
-190 immediate deaths
- 4 million people were affected during and after
-The total loss $1.7 billion

Question 11

physical challenges and risks

Answer 11

-Tidal action
-Erosion of smaller network of channels
-Monsoon winds blow unconsolidated particles to form new islands
-Sea level rising causing land loss
-26% rise in frequency of high intensity storms

Question 12

human challenges

Answer 12

-high population density
-About 42% population below poverty line
-infrastructure very poor, Fragile houses build
-Destructive fishing practices
-High salinity in soils
-Oil spills damage ecosystem

Question 13

opportunities offered by mangroves in the Sundarbans

Answer 13

• timber from mangroves used for construction
• fuel wood
  -palms used for thatching

Question 14

shrimp farming

Answer 14

-Large areas of mangrove have been converted for aquaculture
-Heavily polluting
Dominated by large wealthy companies- not helping the local food supply, nor providing jobs

Question 15

Bangladesh ICZM

Answer 15

-Introduced in 2005
-Measures to protect and safeguard the population against natural hazards
-Protection of the natural environment
-Management of freshwater resources
-Improving rural livelihoods and economic prospects
-Development of the tourism and fishing sectors of the economy
-Improving infrastructure and social provision such as health

Question 16

adaptation to erosion

Answer 16

-Government investment in roads, hospitals and cyclone shelters

Question 17

adaptation to cyclones

Answer 17

-The mangroves acted as Kolkata’s saviour from Aila, by absorbing a massive chunk of the cylone’s fury.
- 2015, 1,012 cyclone shelters were built in vulnerable locations

Question 18

mitigation to deforestation

Answer 18

-Indian NGO
-reforestation of mangroves
-2015 planted about 50 thousand saplings

Question 19

mitigation to tiger attacks