Case Study 3

Question 1

Answer 1

A- white line

B- abaxial wall of hoof

C- axial wall of hoof

D- sole

E- interdigital cleft plantar surface

F- apex of bulb

G- heel

H- dew claws

I- base of bulb

Question 2

Answer 2

J- interdigital cleft dorsal surface

K- coronary band

Question 3

What is xylazine?

Answer 3

alpha 2 agonist- sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant that cows are more sensitive compared to dogs and horses

Question 4

The layer immediately underlying the sole of the hoof is the

Answer 4

corium- which is where the bruising evident on the sole is likely to have originated from. Corium grows new keratin to replace worn out hoof material. (Coriosis instead of laminitis). If the sole, corium, and digital cushion thin out- then the pedal bone could come through the sole- extremely severe and more likely to be nutritional with severe inflammation.

Question 5

Load bearing in dairy cows is where in a dairy cow?

Answer 5

the axial walls of the medial claws of the front feet

Question 6

White line in a cow hoof is

Answer 6

the cemented junction between the wall and the sole of the hoof, a point of weakness in the hoof, and a common site of entry of infection into the hoof

Question 7

The thickness of the sole of a cow’s foot is approximately

Answer 7

5 mm

Question 8

What is the 90/90/90 rule?

Answer 8

90% hind limb, 90% lame in foot, 90% in outer claw (actually 90/80/75). From an epi study.

* cows scrape hooves around- rotate across claws- hind claw gets scraped the most

Question 9

Risk factors of lameness

Answer 9

1. Holstein Friesians (large cows)
2. Environmental
3. Fed grain

* nutrition, degree of moisture, infectious agents, management, conformation, absence of hygiene, bearing surface, stockmanship, use of a dog (pushing cattle up too quickly), facilities, hoof health

Question 10

Economic importance of lameness

Answer 10

* reduced milk production, costs of tx, reduced BW, reduced repro efficiency, pain and discomfort altering behaviour, premature culling, replacement costs

Question 12

Identifying lame foot

Answer 12

If her front foot is lame, her head raises as she places the lame foot on the ground. Drop her head if she has a lame back foot with a short stride.

Question 13

Five major types of lameness in Australian herds

Answer 13

White line disease, Axial wall crack, footrot, bruising, sole penetration

Question 14

Common foot lesions

Answer 14

Excess hoof or wear (moist conditions, predisposes cattle to sole penetration), bruising (due to thinning of sole and haemorrhage from the sensitive laminae over a varying area of sole. Commonly lateral digits of hind feet affected), punctured with or without underrunning by FB especially stones, white line disease- penetration by debris- infection of the corium and abscess formation- usually tracks up the laminae (path of least resistance) and may lead to sinus formation at the coronary band, sole ulcer- in the region of the sole- bulb junction, axial wall cracks- sand or dirt (especially in dryer areas)- secondary painful polyps or granulation tissue (PAINFUL)

* pregnant cattle especially susceptible

Question 15

Cowslip

Answer 15

Rubber or other material glued to the sole of the foot- helps keep the foot from becoming infected