Case Studies for Development of the Symphony essay

Question 1

What is the instrumentation used by Stamitz in his Symphony in D?

Answer 1

2 oboes
2 horns
2 trumpets
timpani
4 string parts
continuo

Question 2

What style is Stamitz’s symphony in D?

Answer 2

Galant

Question 3

When did Stamitz publish his Symphony in D?

Answer 3

1750

Question 4

Describe the harmony/tonality in Stamitz’s Symphony in D

Answer 4

Very simple harmony with lots of pedals and primary chords,
Some modulation is used in the exposition (F#m - A - D) before the development starts in A and returns to the tonic for the recapitulation.

Question 5

What is the tonal plan of stamitz’s symphony in D?

Answer 5

D major is the tonic and is used in movement 1,3 and 4
G major is used in movement 2 which is the sub-dominant and the contrasting key,

Question 6

Does stamitz use the standard tonal plan of the time?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

How does Stamitz utilise sonata form?

Answer 7

It is seen as almost a ‘prototype’ but there were some main differences:
the development section wasn’t that different from the exposition, it just presented the themes in their entirety but in the dominant key, without fragmenting/

Question 8

What movement uses a loose binary form (without the repeats)

Answer 8

Movement 2

Question 9

Describe the melody in Stamitz’s Symphony in D

Answer 9

Simple diatonic material with lots of motivic repetition
Movement 2 is driven by simple melodies

Question 10

What is the title of Beethoven’s 9th?

Answer 10

Choral

Question 11

What is the instrumentation of Beethoven’s 9th?

Answer 11

2 flutes (piccolos)
2 oboes
2 clarinets
2 bassoons

4 Horns
2 trumpets
3 trombones

timpani
percussion (B.D, Tri., Cymb)
strings
choir, soloists

Question 12

When year was Beethoven’s 9th published?

Answer 12

1824

Question 13

What style is Beethoven’s 9th?

Answer 13

Galant (with sturm und Drang aspects)

Question 14

What is the tonal plan of Beethoven’s 9th?

Answer 14

M1 - Allegro in d minor
M2 - Scherzo in d minor
M3 - Adagio mollo… in Bb major
M4 - Allegro - andante - allegro in d minor to d major

Question 15

What technique is used in movement 4 of Beethoven’s 9th?

Answer 15

From darkness to light (d minor to d major)

Question 16

Decscribe the tonality/harmony in Beethoven’s 9th

Answer 16

use of open fifths in the introduction of M1, leading to the feeling of no key - this is found in the scherzo and trio at the end aswell
more use of chromaticism, with added neapolitan chords and secondary dominants
M2 begins in D minor but modulates to C major
Trio moves to parallel major (D major)

Question 17

Was this the first symphony to include soloists and a chorus?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

What form/structures did Beethoven use within the movements?

Answer 18

M1 - sonata
M2 - scherzo form which is expected to be rounded binary but Beethoven uses sonata fomr within the scherzo and first subject is part fugue
M3 - themes and variation
M4 - no exact form

Question 19

What year did Hector Berlioz publish Symphonie Fantastique?

Answer 19

1830

Question 20

What style is Symphonie Fantastique?

Answer 20

Programme

Question 21

What is the tonal plan of Symphonie Fantastique?

Answer 21

M1 - c minor - c major
M2 - a major
M3 - f major
M4 - g minor
M5 - c minor - c major

Question 22

Describe the harmony/tonality of Symphonie Fantastique?

Answer 22

more chromaticism
lots of movement between keys
ominous 5th movement beginning with high use of diminshed 7th chords

Question 23

How did the symphonie fantastique have a modified sonata?

Answer 23

much larger intro (71 bars)
first subject, transition, second subject,
development section develops both subjects and ends with 4 bars of silence,
recapitulation is just development material played with former material

Question 24

How did Symphonie Fantastique fit the style of programme music?

Answer 24

Each movement told a different part of the story,
Hector explored the extremities of the emotional spectrum, putting a great deal of emotion into the piece

Question 25

Summerise the plot of the symphony's story

Answer 25

tells the story of an artist who has poisened himself with opium in the depths of despair because of hopeless unrequited love

Question 26

What is the name of Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony?

Answer 26

Pathetique

Question 27

When was the pathetique symphony published?

Answer 27

1893

Question 28

What style was the pathetique symphony?

Answer 28

Galant (with late romantic stylistic developments)

Question 29

What instrumentation did the pathetique symphony have?

Answer 29

3 flutes (1 piccolo doubling) 2 oboes 2 clarinets in A 2 bassoons 4 horns 2 trumpets 3 trombones 1 tuba timpani bass drum cymbals strings

Question 30

Was the amount of intruments normal for the time?

Answer 30

No, It was quite modest for the time

Question 31

What was the tonal plan for pathetique symphony?

Answer 31

M1 - em - bm - D - dm - C# - bm - B M2 - D - bm - D M3 - G - E - G - D - G M4 - bm - D - C - bm

Question 32

Describe the harmony/tonality in pathetique symphony

Answer 32

use of modulation to some distantly related keys (M1 - E major - C# major) no use of from darkness to light favours half diminshed 7th chords in the finale, there are use of suspensions and appogiaturas use of neapolitan relationships

Question 33

what tupe of composer was tchaikovsky?

Answer 33

absolute composer

Question 34

Decsribe how this symphony can be 'russian' sounding

Answer 34

high energy maximilist orchestration longer sweeping melody lines intergration of traditional folk music grandiose music chromatic motion between chords

Question 35

What forms were each of the movements in the pathetique symphony?

Answer 35

M1 - sonata form M2 - ternerary form M3 - sonatina form M4 - sonata - rondo - form

Question 36

describe the melody in pathetique symphony

Answer 36

uses both short, fragmentry ideas and longer phrase melodic ideas second subject in d major - meody has a wider tessitura in M2 - melodies are longer and the B section is more conjunct M4 - longer melodies with clearer directionality leading to cadential ideas due to the sombre nature of the music

Question 37

What is the name of Mahler's 2nd symphony?

Answer 37

Resurrection

Question 38

When was resurrection symphony published?

Answer 38

1895

Question 39

What is the style of the resurrection symphony?

Answer 39

Galant (with late romantic stylistic developments)

Question 40

what instrumentation is used in the resurrection symphony? specifically woodwind, strings and brass

Answer 40

4 flutes 4 oboes 3 Bb, A, C clarinets 2 Eb clarinets 4 bassoons 10 horns 10 trumpets 4 trombones 1 tuba strings 2 harps

Question 41

What percussion was used in resurrection symphony?

Answer 41

2 sets of timpani 2 bass drums several snare drums pair of cymbals 2 triangles 2 tam-tams 3 untuned bells glockenspiel keyboard

Question 42

What else was used within the resurrection symphony that wasnt very common?

Answer 42

alto solo soprano solo mixed chorus

Question 43

what is the tonal plan of the resurrection symphony?

Answer 43

M1 - cm, moves to E for second subject, development section hints at Eb M2 - moves between Ab and g#m M3 - cm M4 - Db M5: first half - fm - bbm - C - Ab - F - c#m - Db - f#m - Gb second half - Gb - bbm - Ab - Eb

Question 44

describe the harmony/tonality in the resurrection symphony

Answer 44

lots of chromatisicm avoids cadential resolution

Question 45

What happens in movement 1 in the resurrection symphony?

Answer 45

C min but moves through a selection of keys manner of a funeral march modified sonata second subject is highly contrasting development section introduces new themes

Question 46

What happens in movement 2 in the resurrection symphony?

Answer 46

very leisurely sower movement, following traditional models follows landler (austrain folk dance) ABACA

Question 47

What happens in movement 3 in the resurrection symphony?

Answer 47

flowing movement scherzo in c minor starts with timpani strikes references jewish folk themes