Beethoven, Sammartini and Stamitz Flashcards
Influential composers
How did Beethoven influence the symphony?
Beethoven radically changed the symphony in the early 1800s.
His innovations allowed future composers to add new possibilities.
What became standalone works due to Beethoven’s influence?
Symphonies became standalone works showcasing the skill and talent of composers.
What aspects of the symphony did Beethoven change?
He changed the size, weight, length, and volume of the symphony.
Which school does Sammartini belong?
Milanese school
What innovations to the symphony did Sammartini help develop?
Changed the dramatic nature of the opera to more thematic,
More lyrical melodies, and wrote with his galant style.
Important in developing sonata form.
How many movements were generally in Sammartini’s symphonies?
Three movements
What style would Sammartini’s music be later described as?
Galant
What musical form did Sammartini help develop?
Sonata form
What school did Johann Stamitz belong to?
Mannheim
What was the reputation of the Mannheim palace?
Had access to the best players; orchestra was as famous as composers.
What innovations did Stamitz help bring to the symphony?
Increased size of orchestra; expanded binary structures; stabilized tonality with slower harmonic rate of change; explored rhythmic and textual devices to keep momentum; regularly added a fourth movement (minuet, trio); further expanded upon sonata form.
Describe the Mannheim Waltz (Roller).
A crescendo passage having a closing melodic line over an ostinato pedal bassline; often contains a tremolo.
What is the Mannheim Crescendo?
A general rise from piano dynamic to loud dynamics.
What is the Mannheim Hammerstroke?
Refers to accented orchestral stabs that usually begin the piece.
