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Medicine Sem 3 > Case 6 anatomy > Flashcards

Case 6 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what’s important about the scalp?

A

connective tissue of scalp - many arteries and veins anastomosing
loose areolar connective tissue - emissary veins

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2
Q

what retracts and protracts the jaw?

A

temporalis muscle retracts the jaw

lateral pterygoid protracts the mandible

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3
Q

where does the medial pterygoid muscle originate from?

A

tuberosity of maxilla and medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate

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4
Q

what does the temporalis muscle insert onto?

A

coronoid process of mandible

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5
Q

what are the two processes on the mandible?

A

condylar process and coronoid process

condylar more posterior

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6
Q

what other muscles are involved in mastication?

A
  • digastric, mylohoid and geniohyoid (suprahyoids) assist in depressing the jaw
  • in order for them to do so the hyoid bone must be fixed by the infrahyoids (thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid and omohyoid) (no cricothyroid - part of larynx)
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7
Q

where does the masseter originate from and insert onto?

A

originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible

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8
Q

where do the pterygoid muscles originate from? and insertion?

A

lateral pterygoid originates from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate - inserts on condyle
the medial pterygoid originates the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate - inserts medial angle of mandible

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9
Q

what is sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A
  • Sympathetic fibres to the parotid gland arise from the cervical sympathetic ganglia
  • These fibres are vasomotor (blood vessel altering diameter) in action and are thought to reduce the secretion or thicken the saliva
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10
Q

which structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

the facial nerve and the external carotid artery

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11
Q

what does the external carotid artery divide into in the parotid gland?

A

maxillary and superficial temporal arteries - both terminal branches

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12
Q

which veins unite within the parotid gland to form what?

A

superficial temporal and maxillary veins unite within the parotid gland to form the retromandibular vein

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13
Q

what are branches of the facial artery? where does the facial artery come from?

A
  • inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal, angular

- branches off external carotid artery in the neck

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14
Q

what does the superficial temporal artery give rise to and what does this supply?

A

transverse facial artery which supplies the parotid gland & duct, the masseter, and the overlying skin

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15
Q

what does the maxillary artery give off?

A

mental artery (a terminal branch of ECA), which supplies the skin on the chin

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16
Q

where do the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries arise from?

A

ophthalmic artery, the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery

17
Q

what are the different arteries and where do they supply on the face and scalp?

A
  • Mental: muscles and skin of chin
  • Inferior labial: lower lip
  • Superior labial: upper lip, ala & septum of nose
  • Lateral nasal: ala and dorsum of nose
  • Angular: superior part of cheek and inferior eyelid
  • Supratrochlear: muscles and skin of scalp
  • Supraorbital: muscles and skin of forehead and scalp
  • Posterior auricular: auricle and scalp posterior to auricle
  • Occipital: scalp at the back of the head
  • Superficial temporal: skin of frontal and temporal regions of scalp
18
Q

which arteries supply the scalp?

A

supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital

19
Q

describe the venous drainage of the face

A
  • Superficial temporal vein unties with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein
  • The retromandibular vein passes through the parotid gland where it divides into anterior and posterior divisions of the retromandibular vein
  • The anterior divisions join with the facial vein to form the common facial vein
  • The common facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein
  • The posterior division of the retromandibular vein unites with the posterior auricular vein, forming the external jugular vein
20
Q

what are the lymph nodes of the face and scalp and what do they drain?

A
  • Parotid nodes – lateral aspect of the face and scalp
  • Submandibular nodes – lateral part of lower lip
  • Submental nodes – chin and medial part of lower lip
  • Occipital – back of scalp
  • Retroauricular (mastoid) – scalp above the ear, auricle and external auditory meatus
21
Q

what’s the route of the lymph nodes?

A
  • Regional lymph nodes
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Jugular trunk
  • Thoracic or right lymphatic duct
  • IJV or brachiocephalic vein
22
Q

muscles at each side of tongue meet where? what does this form?

A

at midline fibrous septum - the midline sulcus

23
Q

what demarcates the anterior and posterior parts of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

sulcus terminalis

24
Q

what connects the ventral suface of the tongue to the floor?

A

lingual frenulum

25
Q

what mucosa is on either side of the tongue?

A

dorsal - specialised mucosa

ventral - lining mucosa

26
Q

what’s the foramen cecum?

A

small midline depression at border between anterior and posterior portions - just behind the circumvallate papillae
- thyroid gland developed from this

27
Q

what is the vallecula?

A

anterior surface of epiglottis

28
Q

what are the filiform papillae sensitive to?

A

touch but not taste

29
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • palatoglossus
  • styloglossus

(only one coming from the chin - all from separate structures)

30
Q

which muscle of the tongue is not innervate by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

palatoglossus - vagus nerve

31
Q

what does the palatoglossus muscle do?

A

narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus while swallowing

32
Q

what is the origin and insertion of genioglossus muscle?

A

arises from the superior part of the mental spine of mandible and inserts into the entire dorsum of the tongue and body of hyoid

33
Q

which muscle retrudes and protrudes the tongue?

A

genioglossus protrudes

styloglossus retrudes and elevates sides of tongue

34
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

originates from the body and greater horn of hyoid and inserts into the inferior aspect of the sides of the tongue

35
Q

what is the innervation of the tongue?

A
  • Trigeminal – general sensation to anterior 2/3 of the tongue (lingual nerve)
  • Facial – taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of the tongue (chorda tympani)
  • Glossopharyngeal – general and taste sensations to posterior third of the tongue
  • Hypoglossal – motor to all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
  • Pharyngeal plexus – motor to palatoglossus muscle

Medicine Sem 3 (23 decks)

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