Cartography and Scale Flashcards
Types of Spatial (quantitative) Scale?
- ) Representational
2. ) Problem scale
Types of Qualitative Scales?
- ) Functional
2. ) Internal/external
Spatial scale
Necessary relationship with size of the space
Representationl or Cartographic scale:
Uses a representational fraction!
Representational fraction=
Distance on map:Distance in Reality ex.) 1:250,000 1cm on map= 250,000 cm in reality.
A large scale map has a relatively —– space mapped
SMALL
A small scale map has a relatively —- space mapped
LARGE
The larger the cartograph scale is
The less of earths surface is mapped.
Problem Scale
Related to the spatial extent of some problem or phenomenom.
With problem scale the relationship between the size of the space in reality and the size of the scale used to describe reality is DIRECT. If a problem covers a large extent or a large part of the earths surfaces, it is reffered to as a large-scale problem. On the other hand is a problem covers a small extent of the earths surface it is reffered to as a small-scale problem.
Problem covers large space=
Large scale problem
Problem covers small space=
Small scale probelm
Different types of Functional Scales:
Internal
External
Functional scale
How different functions or qualities, vary across or with space. (Urban VS rural)
A functional scale may or may not have a relationship with spatial extent.
Variations may be representational or real.
Internal Functional Scale:
How a single function varies as spatial extent varies. ex.) Conservation biologists use internal functional scale to describe the spatial extent associate with the interactions of different types of plants and animals.
External Functional Scale:
Refers to how multiple functions share space. ex.) Urban vs Rural. many ways one can distinguish between a rural and urban setting, one way is by population densities.
What relationship does Representational scale, Problem scale, and Functional scale have between Space and Scale
- Representational scale has a direct relationship between spatial extent and representational fraction.
- Problem Scale: Close (but not direct) relationship between space and scale. (extent of problem may not be spatial)
- Functional scale: Function of the phenomena determies scale, not space.
Representation of space:
Anything used to represent the spatial form of reality. ex. Maps, pictures, drawings, sculpture, words ect.
- Representation of space MUST represent in some way, the spatial aspects of reality.
Spatial
Of or relating to space
Spatial Representations
Any represenation that relies on space. ex.) Maps, pictures, drawings, flowcharts, hierarchal diagrams.
- Spatial representations do not have to represent the spatial nature of reality.
Difference between representation of space and Spatial representations
Rep of space MUST represent in some way the spatial aspects of reality.
Spatial Representations do NOT have to represent the spatial aspects of reality.
What is an example of both Spatial representation and Rep of space?
Maps, Painting of U of S
What is an example of Rep of space but NOT Spatial represenation?
Verbal Directions and poem about Canada.
What is Spatial Rep but not Rep of space?
Flow charts
What is both not spatial rep and rep of space?
A song about love, story about love.
Fundamental Cartographic Characteristics
Geographic Primitives:
- Location
- Magnitude
- Identity
- Time
- ** Maps are static representations
Generalization
Reducing information to focus the map on a more focused theme. Traditionally associated with a change in scale!
What is opposite of generalization?
Exageration! Roads are 1/2mm so we can see them on map but is not actually 250 m or 100 m wide so opposite of generalization.
