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MSK II > Cartilage Histology > Flashcards

Cartilage Histology Flashcards

1
Q

chondroblasts

A

cells that secrete cartilage matrix; have mitotic capabilities

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2
Q

chondrocytes

A

mature cartilage cells in lacunae; come from the chondroblasts; surrounded by and maintain matrix

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3
Q

what type of collagen is predominant in cartilage

A

type II

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4
Q

hyaline cartilage

  • surrounded by what
  • contains what type of collagen
  • location
A
  • perichondrium
  • type II collagen
  • articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, ribs, embryonic, development
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5
Q

elastic cartilage

  • made of what
  • surrounded by what
  • contains what type of collagen
  • location
A
  • consists of hyaline cartilage plus elastic fibers
  • surrounded by perichondrium
  • type II collagen
  • external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube
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6
Q

fibrocartilage

  • made of what
  • surrounded by what
  • contains what type of collagen
  • location
A
  • combo of hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT
  • NO perichondrium
  • type I collagen and type II via hyaline cartilage
  • intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ
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7
Q

isogenous groups

  • what are they
  • where are they found
A

2 or 3 chondrocytes forming together in a group

- found in hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

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8
Q

territorial matrix

A

darkly stained tissue in hyaline cartilage surrounding isogenous groups

  • high in GAGs
  • consists of type II collagen
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9
Q

interterritorial matrix

A

lightly stained tissue surrounding the darker stained territorial matrix

  • consists of more collagen type II
  • fewer proteoglycans
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10
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

hyaline based “growth plate”

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11
Q

perichondrium

  • made of what
  • surrounds what
  • source for what
  • other function
A

dense irregular connective tissue

  • surrounds hyaline and elastic cartilage
  • source of new cartilage cells
  • nutrients diffuse through this
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12
Q

fibrous layer of perichondrium

A

outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin

- has more of the vasculature

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13
Q

chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

A

inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts and secretes type II collagen

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14
Q

function of fibrocartilage

A

withstands compression and shearing forces

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15
Q

appositional growth chondrogenesis

  • what is it
  • location
  • process
A

“rings of a tree growth”; forms new cartilage on the surface of existing cartilage; increase in girth of cartilage
- occurs within inner layer of perichondrium
cells –> chondroblasts –> secrete type II collagen and ground substance

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16
Q

interstitial growth chondrogenesis

  • what is it
  • location
  • features
A

less common
chondrocytes divide within the lacunae which creates new isogenous groups; increase in length of cartilage
- occurs within a cartilage mass in lacunae
- secrete more matrix
- avascular process

17
Q

components of the cartilage matrix

A

type I collagen, type II collagen, elastin fibers, ground substance

18
Q

cartilage repair

A
  • limited capacity due to avascular nature
  • facilitates healing of bone fracture
  • ability is age dependent
19
Q

repair cartilage

A

forms in cartilage repair when perichondrium is involved

  • contains type I and II collagen
  • can stimulate bone growth in some cases
20
Q

articular capsule of synovial joints

A

outer fibrous layer made of dense regular connective tissue that surrounds and strengthens the joint
- contains extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments

21
Q

difference between extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments in the articular capsule

A

extrinsic are separate from the capsule and intrinsic are part of the fibrous capsule

22
Q

articular cartilage in synovial joints

  • made of
  • function
  • vasculature?
  • nourishment source
A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • reduces friction
  • avascular, lacks nerve supply
  • nourished by synovial fluid
23
Q

synovial membrane (synovium) in synovial joints

  • location
  • function
  • vasculature?
  • produces what
  • other features
A
  • lines joint cavity except for articular cartilage
  • lubricates articular cartilage
  • vascular
  • synovial fluid
  • regenerative
  • absorbs shock
24
Q

Synoviocytes

A

make up the synovial membrane; play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases
- two types:
type A macrophage-like synovial cells
type B fibroblast-like synovial cells

25
Q

type A macrophage-like synovial cells in synovial joints

A

type of synoviocyte

  • phagocytic, regulate inflammatory events, clear articular cavity of debris
  • contain lysosomes
  • 25% of cells lining synovium
26
Q

type B fibroblast-like synovial cells in synovial joints

A

type of synoviocyte

  • produce synovial fluid and hyaluronate
  • lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage
27
Q

superficial zone of articular cartilage

  • chondrocyte characteristics
  • how do the collagen fibers run
A
  • small and flattened chondrocytes parallel to the surface

- collagen fibers run parallel to the surface

28
Q

intermediate zone of articular cartilage

  • chondrocyte characteristics
  • how do the chondrocytes occur
  • how do the collagen fibers run
A
  • slightly larger and round chondrocytes
  • chondrocytes occur both alone and in isogenous groups
  • collagen fibers take oblique course through matrix
29
Q

deep zone of articular cartilage

  • chondrocyte characteristics
  • how are the chondrocytes arranged
  • how do the collagen fibers run
A
  • large chondrocytes
  • chondrocytes form radial columns; stacks are oriented perpendicular to the articulating surface
  • fibers follow orientation of chondrocyte columns
30
Q

calcified zone of articular cartilage

  • where is it
  • how does it stain
A
  • rests on underlying cortex of bone

- stains darker than other layers

31
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic joint pain, various degrees of joint deformity, and destruction of the articular cartilage
- commonly affects weight-bearing joints (knees, hips, lumbar vertebrae, hand and foot joints)

32
Q

early stages of osteoarthritis

A

superficial layer of the articular cartilage is disrupted

33
Q

late stages of osteoarthritis

A

destruction of the cartilage extends to the bone, where the exposed subchondral bone becomes a new articular surface
- progressive reduction of mobility and increased pain

34
Q

ground substance

A

amorphous gel material that fills the spaces between fibers and cells in the ECM
- composed of proteoglycans

MSK II (17 decks)

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