CARTILAGE AND BONES

Question 1

three types of cartilage:

Answer 1

hyaline,
elastic, and fibrous.

Question 2

GROSSLY YELLOWISH
IN FRESH SPECIMENS. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE
THAN HYALINE CARTILAGE

Answer 2

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Question 3

CAN WITHSTAND
GREATER STRESS THAN HYALINE OR ELASTIC
CARTILAGE. IT IS WHITE IN FRESH
SPECIMENS

Answer 3

FIBROUS CARTILAGE

Question 4

This
tissue is special because chondrogenic
potenced perability to form cartilage

Answer 4

PERICHONDRIUM

Question 5

BONES
Functions

Answer 5

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage,
blood cell production, energy storag

Question 6

Forms of Bone Tissue:

Answer 6

Compact Bone
Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone):

Question 7

Dense and solid, forming the outer layer of
bones, providing structural strength and protection.

Answer 7

Compact Bone

Question 8

Contains trabeculae (small
needle-like structures) that provide internal support. Found in
the interior of bones and at the ends of long bones.

Answer 8

Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone)

Question 9

CELLS OF
BONES

Answer 9

OSTEOBLAST
OSTEOCYTES
OSTEOCLAST

Question 10

SYNTHESIZING AND SECRETING
BONE MATRIX

Answer 10

OSTEOBLAST

Question 11

MAINTAINS THE BONE MATRIX

Answer 11

OSTEOCYTES

Question 12

RESPONSIBLE FOR BREAKING
DOWN TISSUE

Answer 12

OSTEOCLAST

Question 13

BONE
MATRIX

Answer 13

ORGANIC COMPONENT
INORGANIC COMPONENT

Question 14

COMPOSED OF
COLLAGEN FIBERS

Answer 14

ORGANIC COMPONENT

Question 15

COMPOSED OF
HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS

Answer 15

INORGANIC COMPONENT

Question 16

LENGTH: OCCURS AT THE

Answer 16

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

Question 17

WHERE OSTEOBLASTS ADD LAYERS TO
THE OUTSIDE, AND OSTEOCLASTS RESORB FROM THE INSIDE.

Answer 17

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

Question 18

MADE OF OSTEONS (HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS), WHICH
HAVE CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE AROUND CENTRAL CANALS

Answer 18

COMPACT BONE

Question 19

TRABECULAE ALIGNED TO RESIST STRESS, CONTAINING
BONE MARROW IN THE SPACES.

Answer 19

SPONGY BONE

Question 20

CONSTANT PROCESS WHERE OSTEOCLASTS
RESORB OLD BONE, AND OSTEOBLASTS
DEPOSIT NEW BONE, MAINTAINING
STRENGTH AND CALCIUM BALANCE.

Answer 20

BONE
REMODELLING

Question 21

OUTER FIBROUS LAYER COVERING THE BONE,
CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND
OSTEOBLASTS FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR.

Answer 21

PERIOSTEUM

Question 22

THIN INNER LAYER LINING THE MEDULLARY
CAVITY, CONTAINING OSTEOBLASTS AND
OSTEOCLASTS FOR INTERNAL REMODELING

Answer 22

ENDOSTEUM

Question 23

BONES
Nutritional Factors

Answer 23

Calcium, phosphate, vitamin D (for calcium
absorption), and vitamin C (for collagen synthesis).

Question 24

BONES
Hormonal Regulation:

Answer 24

Parathyroid Hormone
Calcitonin
Growth Hormone

Question 25

: Increases calcium by
stimulating osteoclasts

Answer 25

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 26

Lowers calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.

Answer 26

Calcitonin

Question 27

Stimulates growth at the
epiphyseal plate

Answer 27

Growth Hormone