CARTILAGE AND BONES Flashcards
three types of cartilage:
hyaline,
elastic, and fibrous.
GROSSLY YELLOWISH
IN FRESH SPECIMENS. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE
THAN HYALINE CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
CAN WITHSTAND
GREATER STRESS THAN HYALINE OR ELASTIC
CARTILAGE. IT IS WHITE IN FRESH
SPECIMENS
FIBROUS CARTILAGE
This
tissue is special because chondrogenic
potenced perability to form cartilage
PERICHONDRIUM
BONES
Functions
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage,
blood cell production, energy storag
Forms of Bone Tissue:
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone):
Dense and solid, forming the outer layer of
bones, providing structural strength and protection.
Compact Bone
Contains trabeculae (small
needle-like structures) that provide internal support. Found in
the interior of bones and at the ends of long bones.
Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone)
CELLS OF
BONES
OSTEOBLAST
OSTEOCYTES
OSTEOCLAST
SYNTHESIZING AND SECRETING
BONE MATRIX
OSTEOBLAST
MAINTAINS THE BONE MATRIX
OSTEOCYTES
RESPONSIBLE FOR BREAKING
DOWN TISSUE
OSTEOCLAST
BONE
MATRIX
ORGANIC COMPONENT
INORGANIC COMPONENT
COMPOSED OF
COLLAGEN FIBERS
ORGANIC COMPONENT
COMPOSED OF
HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS
INORGANIC COMPONENT
LENGTH: OCCURS AT THE
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
WHERE OSTEOBLASTS ADD LAYERS TO
THE OUTSIDE, AND OSTEOCLASTS RESORB FROM THE INSIDE.
APPOSITIONAL GROWTH
MADE OF OSTEONS (HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS), WHICH
HAVE CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE AROUND CENTRAL CANALS
COMPACT BONE
TRABECULAE ALIGNED TO RESIST STRESS, CONTAINING
BONE MARROW IN THE SPACES.
SPONGY BONE
CONSTANT PROCESS WHERE OSTEOCLASTS
RESORB OLD BONE, AND OSTEOBLASTS
DEPOSIT NEW BONE, MAINTAINING
STRENGTH AND CALCIUM BALANCE.
BONE
REMODELLING
OUTER FIBROUS LAYER COVERING THE BONE,
CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND
OSTEOBLASTS FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR.
PERIOSTEUM
THIN INNER LAYER LINING THE MEDULLARY
CAVITY, CONTAINING OSTEOBLASTS AND
OSTEOCLASTS FOR INTERNAL REMODELING
ENDOSTEUM
BONES
Nutritional Factors
Calcium, phosphate, vitamin D (for calcium
absorption), and vitamin C (for collagen synthesis).
BONES
Hormonal Regulation:
Parathyroid Hormone
Calcitonin
Growth Hormone
: Increases calcium by
stimulating osteoclasts
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Lowers calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.
Calcitonin
Stimulates growth at the
epiphyseal plate
Growth Hormone
