Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
where is cartilage found
protecting the ends of long bones and joints, between vertebrae, ends of ribs etc
what is the function of cartilage
provides support and resistance to compression
what are the three types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage - most common, found in nose, ribs etc
fibro cartilage - fibrous, lots of collagen. found in intervertebral disc
elastic cartilage - flexible e.g epiglottis
what are the two different bone conformations
compact (cortical)
spongy (trabecular)
What makes up the unmineralised organic component of bone ECM
osteoid
what makes up the mineralised component of bone ECM
hydroxyapatite
osteogenic cell
bone cell precursor that gives rise to osteoblasts
osteons
circular units made of of layers of bone tissue
central canals
canals in the centre of osteons that contain vessels and nerves
concentric lamellae
layers of bone tissue making up osteons
perforating canals (volkmanns canals)
run perpendicular to and allow connections between central canals
interstitial lamellae
layers of bone tissue in between osteons (concentric lamellae)
circumferential lamellae
layers of bone tissue surrounding entire bone
lacunae
small osteocyte containing spaces in-between lamellae
canaliculli
tiny canals connecting lacunae
what is spongy bone composed of
criss crossing branches called trabeculae
what is found in the spaces between trabeculae
red and yellow bone marrow
endosteum
thin membrane lining external surface of spongy bone
periosteum
layer surrounding bone tissue except at joints
osteomalacia
osteoid not adequately mineralised due to dietary deficiencies e.g. lack of calcium
bones are weak and prone to fracture, delayed tooth eruption and enamel hypoplasia
osteoarthritis
excess bone tissue as it tries to replace lost cartilage
rheumatoid arthritis
bona and cartilage both lost
periodontitis
increased osteoclastogenesis of alveolar bone
can cause tooth loss
