Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

where is cartilage found

Answer 1

protecting the ends of long bones and joints, between vertebrae, ends of ribs etc

Question 2

what is the function of cartilage

Answer 2

provides support and resistance to compression

Question 3

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage - most common, found in nose, ribs etc
fibro cartilage - fibrous, lots of collagen. found in intervertebral disc
elastic cartilage - flexible e.g epiglottis

Question 4

what are the two different bone conformations

Answer 4

compact (cortical)

spongy (trabecular)

Question 5

What makes up the unmineralised organic component of bone ECM

Answer 5

osteoid

Question 6

what makes up the mineralised component of bone ECM

Answer 6

hydroxyapatite

Question 7

osteogenic cell

Answer 7

bone cell precursor that gives rise to osteoblasts

Question 8

osteons

Answer 8

circular units made of of layers of bone tissue

Question 9

central canals

Answer 9

canals in the centre of osteons that contain vessels and nerves

Question 10

concentric lamellae

Answer 10

layers of bone tissue making up osteons

Question 11

perforating canals (volkmanns canals)

Answer 11

run perpendicular to and allow connections between central canals

Question 12

interstitial lamellae

Answer 12

layers of bone tissue in between osteons (concentric lamellae)

Question 13

circumferential lamellae

Answer 13

layers of bone tissue surrounding entire bone

Question 14

lacunae

Answer 14

small osteocyte containing spaces in-between lamellae

Question 15

canaliculli

Answer 15

tiny canals connecting lacunae

Question 16

what is spongy bone composed of

Answer 16

criss crossing branches called trabeculae

Question 17

what is found in the spaces between trabeculae

Answer 17

red and yellow bone marrow

Question 18

endosteum

Answer 18

thin membrane lining external surface of spongy bone

Question 19

periosteum

Answer 19

layer surrounding bone tissue except at joints

Question 20

osteomalacia

Answer 20

osteoid not adequately mineralised due to dietary deficiencies e.g. lack of calcium
bones are weak and prone to fracture, delayed tooth eruption and enamel hypoplasia

Question 21

osteoarthritis

Answer 21

excess bone tissue as it tries to replace lost cartilage

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 22

bona and cartilage both lost

Question 23

periodontitis

Answer 23

increased osteoclastogenesis of alveolar bone

can cause tooth loss