Cartilage

Question 1

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Answer 1

Ligaments stabilize joints (bone to bone) while muscles provide strong flexible connections between muscles and bones

Question 2

What is OCD?

Answer 2

disease of articular cartilage in epiphysis of growing animals. Chronic lameness, severe pain from lesions detaching cartilage from underlying bone. Mostly in horses.

Question 3

Is cartilage vascular? Can it regenerate well?

Answer 3

No

Avasuclar, no innervations. poor capability of regeneration

Question 4

What are the stem cells of bone and cartilage?

Answer 4

mesenchymal cells

Question 5

What is the perichondrium?

Answer 5

Condensed connective tissue at the periphery of mature cartilage that can give rise to chondroblasts

Question 6

What is the ground substance composed of?

Answer 6

GAGs bound to proteoglycans

Question 7

Chondrocytes have an active role in the synthesis of ______ and _______

Answer 7

ground substance and the fibrous elements of cartilage matrix

Question 8

Do chondrocytes form cell-to-cell contacts?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

What are some prominent features of chondrocytes?

Answer 9

lipid droplets, small nuclei, basophilic and granular cytoplasm rich in glycogen

Question 10

what is the name of the main structural glycoprotein?

Answer 10

chondronectin

Question 11

Cartilage matrix is acidophilic or basophilic? Why?

Answer 11

basophilic due to high concentration of GAGs

Question 12

Which matrix is more basophilic? Territorial or Interterritorial?

Answer 12

Territorial, closer to the chondrocytes. GAGs more abundant

Question 13

What two ways can cartilage grow?

Answer 13

interstitial and appositional

Question 14

How is cartilage classified?

Answer 14

by the amount of collagen or elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix

Question 15

hyaline cartilage is reinforced by what type of collagen fibers? What does it stain?

Answer 15

type II

slightly basophilic

Question 16

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 16

fetal axial and appendicular skeletons, growth plates, articular cartilage, costo-chondroal junctions, nasal septum, larynx, tracheal rings, bronchi

Question 17

What type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium?

Answer 17

articular and fibrocartilage

Question 18

what are the three main zones of the growth plate of hyaline cartilage and what direction do they go?

Answer 18

zone of reserve, proliferation, hypertrophy

towards center of bone

Question 19

where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 19

larynx, external auditory canal and ear pinna?

Question 20

what kind of cartilage is found in the epiglottis?

Answer 20

elastic cartilage

Question 21

what kind of cartilage has the largest lacunae?

Answer 21

elastic

Question 22

can fibrocartilage regenerate?

Answer 22

no because it lacks a perichondrium

Question 23

why type of collagenous fibers does fibrocartilage have?

Answer 23

type I

Question 24

What are inactive fibroblasts called?

Answer 24

fibrocytes

Question 25

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 25

places that need tensile strength and support

intervertebral discs, menisci, mandibular symphysis, pubic symphysis

Question 26

What part of an intervertebral disc contains fibrocartilage, compressing the spinal cord?

Answer 26

annulus fibrosus

Question 27

what type of cartilage is characterized by rows of chondrocytes?

Answer 27

fibrocartilage

Question 28

what kind of cartilage is found in the nasal septum?

Answer 28

hyaline cartilage