Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st Microanatomy > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

to accomodate changes related to mechanical stresses and demands on calcium homeostasis bones are in a dynamic state of ____ and _____ throughout life

A

growth and resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What provides the framework and necessary tensile strength of bones and who produces it?

A

collagen fibers produced by osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what serves as a carrier for minerals?

A

osteoid = the extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What layer acts as a site of insertion of muscles, tendons and ligaments?

A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tissue layer lines the trabeculae of spongy bone?

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

osteocytes originate from _____

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osteoblasts secrete what type of collagen?

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells are found in a single layer external to the osteoid matrix? Where do they originate?

A

osteoblasts (immature bone cells)

from osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bone cell is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of collagen and osteoids?

A

osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the osteoid mineralizes, osteoblasts are entrapped as _______

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do osteoclasts decalcify bone?

A

When they are activated and in contact with bony surface, they release acid and lysosomal enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of cells are occupied within lacunae? Are they mature or immature?

A

osteocytes = mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do osteocytes maintain contact with adjacent osteocytes?

A

filopodia connecting each other via canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do osteocytes transfer nutritional needs to the next cell?

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are osteocytes capable of undergoing mitosis?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do osteoclasts have basophilic or acidophilic cytoplasm? What are they closely related to?

A

acidophilic

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoclasts induce osteolysis in order to ____ in response to ______

A

maintain calcium homeostasis and remodel in response to growth or mechanical stresses

18
Q

filopodia are extensions of ____

A

osteocyte cytoplasm

19
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur? In what bones?

A

within membranes of condenses primitive mesenchymal tissue, in flat bones of the skull

20
Q

Where does endochondral ossification occur?

A

At ossification centers in the diaphysis of bones. occurs in majority of bones in the skeleton (limbs, vertebral column, pelvis, base of the skull)

21
Q

bone develops from what kind of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage

22
Q

Can bone grow longitudinally in a mature animal?

A

no not when the growth plate is closed

23
Q

What is woven bone and how are the collagen fibers arranged?

A

Immature bone present during fetal development and the early stages of bone repair.
Collagen fibers are crisscrossed or woven

24
Q

What kind of bone is composed of successive concentric layers around a central canal?

A

lamellar bone = mature bone

25
Q

What is the functional unit of mature bone?

A

osteons

26
Q

What is in the center of each osteon?

A

Haversian canal

27
Q

What hormone increases the recruitment/activity osteoclasts?

A

PTH

28
Q

Where is articular cartilage found?

A

On the bone surfaces in a synovium

29
Q

What happens with decreased production of synovial fluid?

A

Bones can rub against each other, arthritis

30
Q

where are epitheliod cells found and what do they do?

A

lining the joint cavity. they secrete hyaluronic acid and phagocytize debris

31
Q

Why are synovial cells epitheliod and not epithelial?

A

because they do not sit on a basement membrane or have intercellular junctions

32
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid and what should it look like?

A

Clear and viscous. Functions include nutrition, lubrication and protection of articular surfaces

33
Q

The structure of bones is designed for providing _____

A

maximum resistance to mechanical stress while gaining the least body mass

34
Q

The organic matrix of bone is made up of mostly ____

A

collagen (95%)

35
Q

The inorganic matrix of bone is composed of mainly ______ for the purpose of ______

A

hydroxyapitate crystals within collagen fibrils

enhance tensile strength

36
Q

What is rickets?

A

vitamin d deficiency, bones curve

37
Q

What type of cell digests bone to maintain Calcium homeostasis? And where do they originate?

A

osteoclasts

from pluripotent stem cells of the bone marrow

38
Q

What kind of cytoplasm do osteoblasts have?

A

basophilic

39
Q

Can osteocytes undergo mitosis?

A

no. they are mature

40
Q

The circumferential zone is associated with what kind of bone cells?

A

osteoclasts

41
Q

What kind of ossification is characterized by subsequently replacing osseous tissue at ossification centers? Where does it occur

A

endochondral

at growth plates (epiphysis)

1st Microanatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions