Cartilage

Question 1

Three types of cartilage

Answer 1

Hyaline, Elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 2

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 2

Most common type in body, found in rib cage, nose. Covers bones to form moveable joints.

Question 3

Elastic cartilage

Answer 3

Form external ear, epiglottis that covers opening of respiratory tract during swallowing and Eustachian tubes

Question 4

Fibrocartilage

Answer 4

Fibrous elements within the matrix located in intervertebral disks

Question 5

Functions of cartilage

Answer 5

Sustains great weight when covering the articulating surfaces of bones. Shock-absorbing pad between articulating bones in spine. Provides strong yet pliable support structure in the external ear, nose and respiratory passages.

Question 6

Bone remodelling

Answer 6

Bones grow in length and diameter by combined action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts (activity is important for homeostasis)

Question 7

Role of osteoclasts in bone remodelling

Answer 7

Enlarge the diameter of the medullary cavity

Question 8

Role of osteoblasts in bone remodelling

Answer 8

Osteoblasts from the periosteum build new bone around the outside of the bone

Question 9

Changes in skeletal tissues

Answer 9

Skeleton fully ossified by mid-20s. In adults, changes occur due to specific conditions (decrease density and strength result from pregnancy, nutritional deficiencies and illness). In advanced adulthood, degeneration is apparent (exercise, even light, can counteract degeneration).

Question 10

Oseteoporosis

Answer 10

Disease of bone remodelling, characterised by increased bone porosity and reduced mineral density and mass. Increased risk of fracture.